| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同磷肥减量比例配施有机肥对辣椒生长发育及叶片光合特性的影响，为辣椒磷肥减量增效以及实现农业可持续发展提供参考。【方法】以“湘辣14号”线椒品种为材料，采用大田小区试验，设置不施肥（CK0）、全磷化肥（P100）2个对照及减磷10%配施有机肥（BP1）、减磷20%配施有机肥（BP2）、减磷30%配施有机肥（BP3）和减磷40%配施有机肥（BP4）共4个减磷处理，分别在辣椒定植当天（0 d），30，60，90和120 d测定各小区辣椒株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、辣椒产量及品质指标。【结果】与CK0处理相比，施肥处理对辣椒生长指标、光合特性、产量以及品质均有明显影响。在定植90~120 d时，当与有机肥配施时，随着磷肥施用比例的减少，辣椒株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）和光化学荧光猝灭系数（qP）均呈先增加后降低的趋势，其中BP2处理辣椒的以上指标均高于其他处理；胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和非光化学荧光猝灭系数（NPQ）均呈先降低后增加的趋势，其中BP2处理辣椒的以上指标均小于其他处理。当与有机肥配施时，随着减磷比例的增加，辣椒产量以及品质指标（可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质）均呈先增加后减小的趋势，其中BP2处理以上指标均高于其他处理；硝酸盐含量呈先减小后升高的趋势，其中BP2、BP3和BP4处理辣椒果实的硝酸盐含量均显著低于P100和BP1处理。定植120 d时，与P100处理相比，BP2处理辣椒的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、辣椒产量及品质指标均明显提高，果实硝酸盐含量显著降低。【结论】减磷配施有机肥有利于辣椒的正常生长发育，使辣椒生育后期叶绿素含量维持在较高水平，进而促进光合效率的提高和光合产物的积累，最终提高辣椒产量和品质，其中减磷20%配施有机肥是促进黄壤辣椒增产提质的适宜施肥比例。 |
| 关键词: 辣椒 减磷配施有机肥 光合作用 荧光特性 |
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| 基金项目:贵州省教育厅自然科学重点项目（黔教合KY字［2019］082）；贵州省教育厅自然科学青年项目（黔教合KY字［2019］182）；铜仁市科学技术局基础科学研究项目（铜市科研［2019］85号，铜市科研［2020］43号）；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202010665010） |
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| Effects of reduced application of chemical phosphorus combined with organic fertilizer on growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of Capsicums annuum L. |
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CHEN Fen,YU Gao,CHEN Rong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】An field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different phosphorus (P) fertilizer reduction ratios combined with organic fertilizer on growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics ofCapsicums annuum L. to provide basis for sustainable agricultural development with reduced P rates and improved efficiency.【Method】A field plot experiment was conducted with ‘Xiangla No.14’ line pepper varieties as experimental materials.There were six treatments including two controls of zero P (CK0) and total chemical fertilizer P (P100),reduced chemical fertilizer P 10% combined with organic fertilizer （BP1）,reduced chemical fertilizer P 20% combined with organic fertilizer （BP2）,reduced chemical fertilizer P 30% combined with organic fertilizer（BP3）,and reduced chemical fertilizer P 40% combined with organic fertilizer（BP4）.Plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll,photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,yield and quality indexes of Capsicums annuum L. were determined on 0,30,60,90 and 120 d after planting,respectively.【Result】Compared with CK0,P fertilization had significant effects on growth index,photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of Capsicums annuum L..During 90－120 d,plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),transpiration rate (Tr),maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm),actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) and photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (qP) of Capsicums annuum L. increased firstly and then decreased with the decrease of chemical fertilizer P application ratio.All these indicators of BP2 were higher than those of other treatments.Intercellular CO2 content (Ci) and non photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (NPQ) decreased firstly and then increased with the decrease of chemical fertilizer P application ratio and BP2 had lower values than other treatments.Yield and quality indicators (soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble protein contents) increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of chemical fertilizer P reduction ratio with the highest values in BP2.Nitrate content decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of chemical fertilizer P reduction ratio,and BP2,BP3 and BP4 had lower values than P100 and BP1.At 120 d,compared with P100 treatment,plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,yield and quality of Capsicums annuum L. significantly increased in BP2 treatment,while nitrate content significantly decreased.【Conclusion】Reduced chemical fertilizer P combined with organic fertilizer was beneficial to the growth and development of Capsicums annuum L. and yield and quality were improved by maintaining high level of chlorophyll at later growing stages and improving photosynthetic efficiency and accumulation of photosynthetic products.Reduced chemical fertilizer P 20% combined with organic fertilizer was the appropriate fertilizer proportion to promote yield and quality of Capsicums annuum L. in yellow soils. |
| Key words: Capsicums annuum L. reduced chemical fertilizer P combined with organic fertilizer photosynthesis fluorescence characteristics |
