| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究含氯肥料对苹果产量、品质及土壤、树体Cl－含量分布的影响，为苹果园合理利用含氯肥料资源提供参考依据。【方法】以黄土高原地区旱地和水浇地两种水分条件不同的8年生红富士苹果园为研究对象，在田间设5个含氯肥料用量处理：CK（0 kg/hm2 Cl－）、T1（113 kg/hm2 Cl－）、T2（226 kg/hm2 Cl－）、T3（763 kg/hm2 Cl－）和T4（1 300 kg/hm2 Cl－），每处理3次重复，随机区组排列，各处理N、P、K养分投入量一致，于成熟期测定苹果产量、品质及叶片和果实中Cl－含量，并且测定0～200 cm土层Cl－含量。【结果】无论是旱地还是水浇地苹果园，不同处理苹果产量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、维生素C含量均无显著差异。随着肥料中Cl－用量的增加，旱地和水浇地苹果树果实和叶片中Cl－含量均有所提高，且T4处理Cl－均显著高于CK（P<0.05），其中旱地苹果园中T4处理果实和叶片Cl－含量分别较CK显著增加了62.16%和311.02%（P<0.05），水浇地苹果园中T4处理果实和叶片Cl－较CK分别显著增加了20.11%和46.55%。含氯肥料用量的增加促进了不同果园土壤中Cl－的累积，而旱地和水浇地果园土壤Cl－含量垂直分布规律明显不同，其中旱地苹果园土壤Cl－主要分布在0~100 cm土层，而水浇地果园土壤Cl－主要分布在100~200 cm土层。【结论】在黄土高原地区，无论是旱地还是水浇地苹果园，肥料中Cl－用量的增加均提高了苹果叶片、果实及土壤Cl－含量，但中短期施用不会对苹果产量及品质产生不良影响，因此适量低成本的含氯肥料（氯化铵、氯化钾）可在黄土区苹果园中短期施用，且水浇地果园表现优于旱地。 |
| 关键词: 苹果 含氯肥料 氯素分布 黄土区 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目“果园/菜地肥料氮去向、损失过程与可调控原理”（2017YFD0200106） |
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| Effects of chlorine-containing fertilizer dosage on yield,quality of apple and Cl－ distribution in Loess Area |
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WANG Xingmei,YANG Lili,GAO Yimin,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chlorine-containing fertilizers on yield and quality of apple and Cl－distribution in soil and tree,so as to provide basis for proper utilization of chlorine containing fertilizers in apple orchards.【Method】Two 8-year-old Red Fuji apple orchards with different moisture conditions in arid and irrigated areas of the Loess Plateau were selected and five treatments with different chloride amounts including CK （0 kg/hm2 Cl－）,T1 （113 kg/hm2 Cl－）,T2 （226 kg/hm2 Cl－）,T3 （763 kg/hm2 Cl－） and T4 （1 300 kg/hm2 Cl－） were designed.Each treatment had three replicates and all treatments were arranged randomly with same N,P and K inputs.The yield and quality of apple and Cl－content in leaves and fruits were measured at maturity stage,and contents of Cl－in the soil depth of 0-200 cm were determined.【Result】There were no significant differences in apple yield, soluble solids,titratable acidity,soluble sugar,and vitamin C between different treatments in irrigated orchards and dry orchards.With the increase of Cl－input in fertilizers,the Cl－contents in fruits and leaves of apple tree increased in dry and irrigated fields,and Cl－contents of T4 treatment were significantly higher than CK（P<0.05）.Cl－ contents of T4 in fruits and leaves of dry orchards increased significantly by 62.16% and 311.02% compared to CK,and those in irrigated land significantly increased by 20.11% and 46.55%,respectively.Cl－accumulation in different orchard soils was increased with the increasing application of chlorine containing fertilizers,while the vertical distribution of Cl－ in soil was significantly different in dry land and irrigated fields.The concentration of Cl－in the dry orchard soil was mainly distributed in the layer of 0-100 cm,while the Cl－ concentration in the irrigated orchard soil was mainly distributed in the layer of 100-200 cm.【Conclusion】The Cl－content in apple leaves,fruits and soil improved with the increase of Cl－input in both dry land and irrigated land in the Loess Plateau.Short term application did not adversely affect the yield and quality of apple.Therefore,low cost chlorine containing fertilizers such as ammonium chloride and potassium chloride could be applied with moderate dose in apple orchards for short-term,and irrigated orchards performed better than dry land. |
| Key words: apple chlorine-containing fertilizer Cl－distribution Loess Area |
