| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究4种改良方式对盐碱地稻田总有机碳及腐殖质组成的影响，为盐碱地稻田培肥提供合理可行的方法。【方法】以吉林省大安市盐碱地稻田为供试对象，设置菌糠结合Al2(SO4)3（Fd-As）、菌糠（Fd）、Al2(SO4)3改良剂（As）、单施化肥（Cf）及池梗地无肥对照（Nf）5个处理，分析不同改良方式下盐碱地总有机碳及腐殖质组成的差异。【结果】在水稻栽植前，与Nf处理相比，Fd-As、Fd、As及Cf处理盐碱地稻田总有机碳（TOC）含量均显著增加；然而在水稻收获后，与Nf处理相比，只有As及Cf处理的TOC含量显著增加。与水稻栽植前相比，水稻收获后Fd-As和Fd处理能明显促进TOC的矿化。历经水稻生长，4种改良方式均有助于水溶性物质（WSS）的消耗以及水浮物质（WFS）的积累。与水稻栽植前相比，水稻收获后Fd-As和Fd处理均能明显降低胡敏酸（HA）碱溶液的光密度（E4/E6）和色调系数（Δlg K），进而提升HA分子的缩合程度，使其品质提升；而As和Cf处理能使HA分子在结构上产生更多的脂族碳结构，使其品质降低。与水稻栽植前相比，水稻收获后Fd-As处理对于盐碱地稻田富里酸有机碳（CFA）向胡敏酸有机碳（CHA）的转化有促进作用，使CHA/CFA增加；而Fd和As处理却有利于CHA的矿化并使其向CFA转化，使CHA/CFA降低；Cf处理对CHA/CFA无明显影响。在水稻栽植前，与Nf处理相比，Fd-As和Fd处理盐碱地稻田胡敏素有机碳（CHu）含量显著增加，而Cf处理却可使CHu含量显著降低，As处理的CHu含量无显著变化。在水稻收获后，Fd-As、Fd和As处理皆可促进CHu组分的分解，CHu含量均降低；然而Cf处理对于CHu含量无明显影响。【结论】在施用化肥基础上，菌糠及其与Al2(SO4)3配施能够促进盐碱地稻田TOC的微生物矿化，同时使WFS含量明显增加，WSS在此过程有所消耗，CHu趋于降解，均有利于盐碱地腐殖化程度的提升，是改良盐碱地的较佳方式。 |
| 关键词: 土壤改良 稻田 盐碱地 总有机碳 腐殖质组成 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41401251）；吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术研究项目（吉教科合字［2016］第207号）；吉林农业科技学院重点学科培育项目（吉农院合字［2015］第X004号） |
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| Effects of different modified methods on total organic carbon and humic composition of paddy field in saline-alkali land |
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WANG Shuai,WANG Nan,ZHANG Xi,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of four modified methods on total organic carbon (TOC) and humic composition of paddy field in saline-alkali land were studied with the aim of improving soil fertility.【Method】The study adopted the paddy field in saline-alkali land in Da’an,Jilin and designed five treatments included fungus dregs combined with Al2(SO4)3 (Fd-As),fungus dregs (Fd),Al2(SO4)3 modifier(As),single application of chemical fertilizer (Cf) and no fertilizer (Nf) of paddy ridge to reveal the differences in TOC and humic composition of saline-alkali land.【Result】Before planting rice,compared with Nf,other four modified methods increased accumulation of TOC of paddy field in saline-alkali land significantly.However,after harvest,only As and Cf treatments could significantly increase TOC.Fd-As and Fd significantly promoted TOC mineralization after harvest compared with before planting.During the growth period,the four modified models were all beneficial to the consumption of water soluble substance (WSS) and the accumulation of water float substance (WFS).Compared with before planting,Fd-As and Fd treatments effectively lowered the E4/E6 ratio and Δlg K value,and increased the condensation degree and quality of HA molecules after harvest.On the contrary,As and Cf treatments produced much more aliphatic structures and lowered the qualities of HA.Compared with before planting,Fd As treatment played a key role in the transformation of CFA to CHA of paddy field in saline-alkali land after harvest,and further increased the CHA/CFA ratio.In opposite,based on the same condition,Fd and As treatments were conducive to the mineralization of CHA and the transformation to CFA.Cf had no significant effect on ratio of CHA/CFA.Before planting, Fd-As and Fd treatments rapidly increased CHu content compared with Nf,Cf treatment significantly decreased CHu content,while As had no effects.After harvest,Fd-As,Fd and As treatments caused CHu degradation and decreased its content,while Cf treatment had no significant effect. 【Conclusion】Based on chemical fertilizer application,the fungus dregs and the combination with Al2(SO4)3 could enhance the microbial mineralization of TOC of paddy field in saline alkali land,increase WFS content significantly,consume WSS and degrade CHu,which were all beneficial to humification enhancement and are good ways to improve saline alkali land. |
| Key words: soil improvement paddy field saline-alkali land total organic carbon humic composition |
