| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨叶面喷施微量元素对烤烟生长发育的作用效果，为提升烤烟品质提供支持。【方法】在陕西汉中烟区开展田间试验，以云烟99为材料，设置了团棵期和现蕾期各喷施1次、团棵期和打顶后2 d各喷施1次,2种喷施时期（即X、D）及硅、钼、钛、钴（即Si、Mo、Ti、Co）4种肥料种类（XSi、XMo、XTi、Xco和DSi、DMo、DTi、DCo处理）与对照（喷施清水，即X0、D0处理）共10个处理，每处理3次重复，研究叶面喷施微量元素对烤烟烟叶光合特性、氮和钾含量及产量和质量的影响。【结果】叶面喷施硅、钼、钛、钴4种微量元素均能不同程度增加烤烟烟叶的叶绿素总量，各处理均明显优于对照，其中以DSi处理最优，差异最为显著；喷施微量元素显著提高了烤烟叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO2浓度（Ci），同时降低了蒸腾速率（Tr），其中以DSi和XCo处理的效果最为显著；喷施微量元素能明显提高烟叶氮、钾含量，在圆顶期和成熟期均以XCo处理表现最优；各处理对烤烟农艺性状均有一定改善作用，其中DSi处理的单叶面积较对照（D0）有显著提高；XCo处理的烤烟的均价、产值和中上等烟比表现较优，较对照（X0）分别显著提高9.21%，11.95%和8.30%。【结论】在陕西烤烟栽培区，DSi（团棵期和打顶后2 d叶面喷施硅肥）和XCo（团棵期和现蕾期叶面喷施钴肥）两种处理的效果最佳，能有效提升烤烟光合作用，改善氮钾营养，促进生长发育，提高经济效益，具有良好的推广潜力。 |
| 关键词: 烤烟 微量元素 叶面喷施 光合特性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:广东中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心和陕西省烟草专卖局（公司）科技项目（粤烟工05XM-QK〔2014〕015） |
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| Effect of trace element fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen and potassium contents,output value of flue-cured tobacco |
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ZHENG Pufan,GOU Wei,CHEN Fucai,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Effect of spraying trace element fertilizers on tobacco growth were studied to find suitable patterns for increasing yield and quality of tobacco in Hanzhong,Shaanxi. 【Method】Ten treatments including two spraying periods (X spray at rosette stage and budding stage and D spray at rosette stage and 2 days after toping) with four trace element fertilizers Si,Mo,Ti,and Co (XSi,XMo,XTi,Xco,DSi, DMo,DTi,and DCo) and two control groups (spray water，X0 and D0) were set up for YN99 in Hanzhong to study effects of element fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen and potassium contents,and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.Each treatment was repeated for three times.【Result】Spraying trace element fertilizers increased chlorophyll content compared with control,especially for DSi treatment with significant difference.Spraying trace element fertilizers significantly enhanced net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci),while reduced transpiration rate (Tr),particularly in DSi and XCo treatment.Trace element fertilizers application improved nitrogen and potassium contents with the best effect in XCo at toping and maturing stages.It also showed increases in agronomy and economy characteristics after fertilizers spraying,especially for single leaf area under DSi treatment.Average price,output values and proportion of middle-upper tobacco in XCo treatment were increased by 9.21%,11.95%,and 8.30%,respectively.【Conclusion】DSi and XCo treatments could efficiently improve photosynthesis,nitrogen and potassium nutrition,and economic benefits of flue cured tobacco.They are suitable for wild application in Shaanxi tobacco-planting area. |
| Key words: flue-cured tobacco trace element spraying photosynthetic characteristics |
