| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 研究豆粕替代鱼粉对黄金鲈生长及肠道组织的影响。【方法】 选用初始体质量为(3.47±0.03) g/尾的黄金鲈为研究对象，利用豆粕不同比例（0.0%，8.0%，16.0%，24.0%和32.0%）替代鱼粉蛋白，配制成5种等氮等能（粗蛋白420.0 g/kg，总能20.0 MJ/kg）的饲料，每种饲料设3个重复，每个重复放养黄金鲈20尾，进行为期8周的饲养试验。饲养试验结束后，测算豆粕替代鱼粉对黄金鲈生长及饲料利用的影响；采用国标方法，分析黄金鲈肌肉营养成分；采用形态学方法，研究豆粕替代鱼粉对黄金鲈肠道组织的影响。【结果】 当豆粕替代24.0%和32.0%鱼粉蛋白时，黄金鲈蛋白质效率、饲料效率、特定生长率和增重率均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；豆粕各处理组黄金鲈脏体比、肝体比和肥满度与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。豆粕各处理组黄金鲈肌肉中水分、粗灰分和粗脂肪含量与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。当豆粕替代24.0%和32.0%鱼粉蛋白时，黄金鲈肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。豆粕各处理组黄金鲈肠长指数和肠长与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。当豆粕替代24.0%和32.0%鱼粉蛋白时，黄金鲈前肠和中后肠皱襞高度显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；当豆粕替代 24.0%和32.0%鱼粉蛋白时，黄金鲈前肠和中后肠的组织结构完整性遭到破坏，上皮细胞与固有层部分出现分离现象，肠绒毛部分出现脱落或破损。【结论】 在黄金鲈配合饲料中，当豆粕替代鱼粉的比例不超过24.0%时，不会对黄金鲈生长、饲料利用、肌肉营养成分和肠道组织结构造成影响。 |
| 关键词: 豆粕 鱼粉 肠道组织 黄金鲈 |
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| 基金项目:吉林省教育厅项目(2015193)；吉林省科技厅项目（20110233） |
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| Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth and intestinal tissue of Perca flavescens |
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WU Lifang,QU Zihui,ZHOU Kai,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study evaluated the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by soybean on growth performance and intestinal tissue of Perca flavescens. 【Method】 Perca flavescens with body mass of (3.47±0.03) g was fed with diets containing 0.0%,8.0%,16.0%,24.0% and 32.0% soybean meal instead of fish meal with equal protein (crude protein 420.0 g/kg) and energy (total energy 20.0 MJ/kg).Each feed type had 3 replicates with 20 Perca flavescens each.After 8 weeks,growth and feed utilization were calculated,nutritional composition in muscle was analyzed using the national standard method,and the effect on intestinal tissue was studied by histological methods. 【Result】 When 24.0% and 32.0% fish meal was replaced,weight gain,specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Perca flavescens were significantly lower than that in control (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in hepatosomatic index,condition factor and viscerasomatic index (P＞0.05).The moisture,crude lipid and ash content in muscle of Perca flavescens had no significant differences (P＞0.05). When soybean meal replacements were 24.0% and 32.0%,the crude protein contents in muscle of Perca flavescens were significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05).There were no significant effects on intestine length and intestine length index of Perca flavescens.Foregut,midgut and hindgut fold height were significantly lower than those in the control (P＜0.05).The intact morphology of foregut,midgut and hindgut of Perca flavescens idellus were damaged,parts of epithelial cells and proper layer were separated and part of intestinal villi was shed or damaged. 【Conclusion】 Growth,feed utilization,nutritional composition in muscle and intestinal tissue of Perca flavescens will not be affected when replacement of fish meal by soybean meal was no more than 24.0%. |
| Key words: soybean meal fish meal intestinal tissue Perca flavescens |
