| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析4种杏属植物种仁的主要营养成分，为其开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】通过溶剂法测定普通杏(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.)、西伯利亚杏(Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam.)、仁用杏(Kernel-using apricots)、紫杏(Armeniaca dasycarpa (Ehrh.) Borkh.)种仁的粗脂肪含量，用凯氏定氮法测定其总蛋白含量，使用马弗炉测定其灰分含量，使用GC-MS测定其脂肪酸种类及比例，并用氨基酸自动分析仪测定其氨基酸种类及含量。【结果】4种杏属植物的粗脂肪含量为474.4～523.4 g/kg，仁用杏最高；总蛋白含量为278.4～346.2 g/kg，紫杏最高；灰分含量为24.4～37.9 g/kg，紫杏最高。共分离出6种主要脂肪酸，其中饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为3.85%～7.68%，普通杏最高；不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为91.33%～95.85%，西伯利亚杏最高；油酸的相对含量为62.58%～74.67%，仁用杏最高；亚油酸的相对含量为19.50%～29.90%，西伯利亚杏最高。4种杏种仁均测定出18种氨基酸，氨基酸总量为272.5～325.2 g/kg，包括人体8种必需氨基酸，其总含量为72.7～84.1 g/kg，组氨酸含量为7.1～8.5 g/kg。【结论】4种杏属植物种仁含油量高，不饱和脂肪酸含量高，为优质的油料；蛋白质含量高，均含18中氨基酸，是优质的植物蛋白。 |
| 关键词: 普通杏 西伯利亚杏 仁用杏 紫杏 营养成分分析 |
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| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目“仁用杏和巴旦杏高效生产关键技术研究与示范”（2013BAD14B02） |
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| Principal nutritional components of seeds from 4 apricot varieties |
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ZHU Xuchun,JIANG Zhongmao,YIN Mingyu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed kernel nutritional components of 4 apricot varieties to provide basis for development and utilization of apricot.【Method】Solvent method was used to determine crude fat content,Kjeldahl method was used to determine total protein,a muffle furnace was used to determine ash content,GC-MS was used to determine fatty acids,and an automatic amino acid analyzer was used for determination amino acids.【Result】The genus fat contents ranged 474.4－523.4 g/kg with the highest in Kernel-using apricots.The total protein contents were 278.4－346.2 g/kg with the highest in A.dasycarpa (Ehrh.) Borkh.Ash contents were 24.4－37.9 g/kg with the highest in A.dasycarpa (Ehrh.) Borkh.A total of 6 main fatty acids were isolated,with 3.85%－7.68% saturated fatty acids (the highest was A.vulgaris Lam.) and 91.33%－95.85% unsaturated fatty acids (the highest was Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam.).Oleic acid contents were 62.58%－74.67% and the highest was in Kernel using apricots,while linoleic acid contents were 19.50%－29.90% and the highest was in A.sibirica (L.) Lam.Eighteen amino acids were measured in all apricots with total amino acid contents of 272.5－325.2 g/kg.The contents of 8 essential amino acids were 72.7－84.1 g/kg and the contents of essential amino acids for children were 7.1－8.5 g/kg.【Conclusion】The oil contents,unsaturated fatty acid contents,and protein contents of the four apricots were high and they were good plant protein sources with 18 amino acids. |
| Key words: Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. A.sibirica(L.)Lam. Kernel-using apricots A.dasycarpa (Ehrh.) Borkh analysis of nutritional components |
