| 摘要: |
| 【目的】在春播和夏播条件下研究种子大小对机播玉米出苗、苗期生长及产量的影响，为进一步提高机播质量和玉米产量提供理论依据。【方法】以长玉19、正红311和正红505 3个玉米品种为材料，在室内测定种子的活力差异，田间采用裂区设计，研究不同籽粒大小对幼苗生长、干物质积累和产量的影响。【结果】玉米大、中粒种的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数较高，田间机播后幼苗和植株的长势较旺，植株较高，茎粗和叶面积较大，干物质积累较多，尤其是生育前期，生育后期的效应缩小，但仍表现出一定的增产效果，品种和播期间表现出的规律基本一致，其中正红311植株生长前期慢、后期快，大、中粒种增产最明显；各品种夏播条件下的效应增强且持续时间更长。【结论】在玉米机械化生产中，应尽量选取较大籽粒播种，同时注意因地制宜，根据品种特性和栽培季节进行种子的精选加工和分级应用。 |
| 关键词: 机播 玉米 籽粒大小 苗期生长 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD04B13）；农业部行业专项（20150312705） |
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| Effect of kernel size on seedling growth and yield of machine sowed maize |
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CHENG Qiubo,KONG Fanlei,DOU Pan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated effect of kernel size on emergence,seeding growth and yield of maize sowed by machine in spring and summer to improve machine sowing quality and maize yield.【Method】With 3 maize varieties Changyu 19,Zhenghong 311 and Zhenghong 505 as materials,seed vigor was determined in laboratory and effects of kernel size on seedling,dry matter accumulation and yield were investigated with a split-plot design.【Result】Germination,germination index vital index,height of seeding and plant,stem diameter,leaf area,and dry matter accumulation of large and medium grains were higher than those of small grains after sowing by machine in field,especially in the early growing stage.The differences became smaller in late stage.The effects of variety and sowing date were almost the same.Large and medium grains of Zhenghong 311,which grew slow in early growing stage but fast in late growing stage,had the biggest increase in production.The effects were stronger and longer for sowing in summer than in spring.【Conclusion】Larger grain should be sowed in mechanization of maize production,local conditions should be considered in agricultural production,and selection and classification should be conducted according to variety characteristics and climatic conditions of cultivation season. |
| Key words: machine sowing maize kernel size seedling growth |
