| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨不同种植密度下烤烟养分吸收利用及产量和品质性状的变化规律，为优化烟株群体结构、发挥密植效应提供理论依据。【方法】以云烟99为供试材料，采用大田试验，研究不同种植密度（13 890（D1）、15 150（D2）、16 660（D3）、18 510（D4） 株/hm2）对烤烟氮、磷、钾吸收利用、产量和化学品质的影响。【结果】烟叶产量以D3处理最高，平均达2 287.33 kg/hm2，比对照（D1）处理增加13.04%，D2处理次之，比对照增加6.95%；随着种植密度的增加，烟株养分吸收量持续增加，而叶片养分含量和养分经济系数均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，且均与烟叶产量变化呈极显著或显著正相关。种植密度增加后每生产100 kg烤烟的养分摄取量呈上升趋势，养分利用效率表现为持续降低；D2处理氮、磷、钾养分利用效率比D3处理分别提高6.86%，15.14%和9.66%，较D4处理增幅达 24.62%，33.57%和20.06%，其在平衡养分吸收与利用的关系上表现最佳。烟叶产量与旺长至现蕾和现蕾至开花期养分累积比率的相关性显著高于其他阶段，与对照相比，D4处理这两个阶段养分累积比率显著降低。种植密度增加后，烟株单叶质量持续下降，对照处理平均单叶质量为9.30 g，D2处理与对照差异不显著，D3、D4处理较对照显著降低9.56%和 21.72%。随着种植密度的增加，中、下部烟叶烟碱含量显著降低；烤烟氮碱比均以D2、D3处理最接近于1。【结论】烤烟移栽后按15 150~16 660株/hm2密植，能更好地发挥烟株群体密植效应，改善烟叶营养吸收与利用状况，进而提高烟叶产量和品质表现。 |
| 关键词: 种植密度 烤烟养分 养分吸收与利用 烤烟产量 烤烟品质 |
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| 基金项目:四川省烟草公司重点项目（SCYC201504）；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD14B18-02）；四川省烟草公司泸州市公司重点项目(2013003)；四川农业大学双支计划项目（03571890） |
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| Effects of planting density on nutrient uptake and quality formation of flue-cured tobacco |
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SHEN Jie,CAI Yan,HE Yuting,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effect of planting density on nutrient uptake and utilization as well as yield and quality characters of flue cured tobacco to provide theoretical basis for rational group structure and close planting.【Method】Yunyan 99 was planted to investigated the effects of different densities of 13 890 (D1),15 150 (D2),16 660 (D3) and 18 510 (D4) plant/hm2 on uptake and utilization of N,P2O5,and K2O as well as yield and chemical quality of tobacco.【Result】Treatment D3 obtained the highest yield of tobacco leaves (2 287.33 kg/hm2),13.04% higher than that of control (D1).The yield of D2 was lower than that of D3 and 6.95% higher than that of control.Nutrient uptake increased continuously while nutrient content in leaf and economic coefficient of nutrient increased firstly and decreased later with the increase of planting density.They had very significant or significant positive correlation with the yield of tobacco.With the increase of planting density,nutrients uptake for 100 kg flue-cured tobacco increased,but the use efficiency reduced.The use efficiencies of N,P2O5 and K2O in D2 were 6.86%,15.14% and 9.66% higher than those in D3,and 24.62%,33.57% and 20.06% higher than those in D4.D2 showed the best performance on balance of nutrient uptake and utilization.The correlation between yield and the ratios of nutrients accumulation from vigorous growth to budding stage and budding to blooming stage were greater than other stages, and the ratios of nutrient accumulation in D4 were significantly lower than control at the two stages.The weight per leaf was decreased continuously with increase of planting density.The control had averaged leaf weight of 9.30 g,which had no significant difference compared to D2 but was 9.56% and 21.72% higher than D3 and D4.The nicotine contents of leaves in middle and lower parts decreased significantly with the increase of the density,and the ratios of total nitrogen to nicotine in D2 and D3 were most close to 1.【Conclusion】The planting density of 15 150－16 660 plants/hm2 was the best for close planting of flue-cured tobacco to improve nutrient absorption and utilization,yield,and quality of tobacco. |
| Key words: planting density flue-cured tobacco nutrients nutrient uptake and utilization flue-cured tobacco yield flue-cured tobacco quality |
