| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究绿肥和施氮对黄土高原土壤化学性质和酶活性的影响，以期从酶学角度筛选最佳绿肥品种和施氮量。【方法】样地位于2008年开始的黄土高原长武绿肥长期定位试验站，于2012年6月和9月采集土样，研究不同绿肥品种（大豆、绿豆、怀豆和休闲）及不同施氮量（不施氮肥和施氮量为当地常规施氮量135 kg/hm2的80%，100%，120%）条件下，土壤化学性质（有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾）和5种酶（蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、脱氢酶）活性的变化。【结果】种植和翻压绿肥显著提高了土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量，对速效钾含量提升效果不明显。除大豆降低了土壤脱氢酶活性外，绿肥均显著提高了5种土壤酶活性，其中怀豆处理土壤总体酶活性增幅最大，绿豆、大豆处理次之，且均显著高于休闲处理。随着施氮量的增加，土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶（6月除外）、芳基硫酸酯酶和脱氢酶活性总体降低，碱性磷酸酶活性变化幅度较小；绿肥和施氮量对土壤酶活性具有较强的交互作用。种植和翻压绿肥后，土壤酶活性和土壤化学性质之间有一定相关关系，且大多达显著或极显著水平。【结论】在黄土高原旱地怀豆是一种可推广的优质豆科绿肥；种植和翻压绿肥后可减少氮肥施用量，氮肥最佳用量以108 kg/hm2为宜。 |
| 关键词: 豆科绿肥 土壤酶 施氮量 总体酶活性 |
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| 基金项目:农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103005,200803029）；西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费科研创新重点项目（ZD2013012） |
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| Soil chemical properties and enzyme activities in long-term green manure plot in Loess Plateau |
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PENG Ying-ping,HE Wen-xiang,WANG Zi-quan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil chemical properties and enzyme activities to choose optimal green manure species and nitrogen fertilizer application amount.【Method】Soil samples were collected in June and September 2012 from a long-term green manure experiment plot located in Changwu,China,which started in 2008 with 4 green manure treatments (soybean,mung bean,huai bean and fallow) and 4 nitrogen fertilizer treatments (no nitrogen fertilizer,80%,100% and 120% of the local conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate of 135 kg/hm2).Soil chemical properties (organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable N,available P,and available K) and activities of five soil enzymes (invertase,urease,alkaline phophatase,arylsulphatase,and dehydrogenase) were analyzed.【Result】Growth and incorporation of green manure significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P,but had little effect on available K content.Except the decrease of soil dehydrogenase activity in soybean treatment,green manure significantly increased soil enzymes activities with the highest increase in total enzyme activity index(TEI) in huai bean treatment followed by mung bean and soybean.TEI of fallow treatment was significantly lower.With the increase of nitrogen application,the activities of soil invertase,urease (except June),and arylsulphatase decreased,while alkaline phosphatase activity was little affected.Green manure and nitrogen application had strong interaction on soil enzyme activities.There were significant correlations between most soil enzyme activities and chemical properties after green manure growth and incorporation.【Conclusion】Huai bean was a good leguminous green manure in Loess Plateau dryland.Green manure growth and incorporation could reduce the nitrogen application rate and the obtained optimum nitrogen application rate was 108 kg/hm2. |
| Key words: green manure soil enzyme nitrogen fertilizer soil total enzyme activity index |
