| 摘要: |
| 【目的】测定秦岭北麓陕西周至县余家河小流域“坡改梯”农田土壤的基本养分含量，旨在为“坡改梯”农田土壤培肥及合理施肥提供依据。【方法】采集秦岭北麓26份“坡改梯”农田和4份坡耕地耕层（0～20 cm）土壤，测其pH以及 NO3-、NH4+、有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量，并根据陕西土壤养分含量分级标准对各指标进行评价。此外，研究了更改年限对“坡改梯”农田土壤养分含量的影响。【结果】“坡改梯”农田耕层土壤pH值为7.06～8.05，呈弱碱性；土壤有机质和全氮含量分别为7.54～16.72和0.48～1.10 g/kg，两者均处在较低水平；土壤矿质态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为2.90～14.79，0.38～12.98和92.80～158.00 mg/kg，其中土壤速效磷含量大部分处在中低及以下水平，土壤速效钾含量基本处在中等水平。耕层各土壤养分含量均表现为坡耕地＞坡改梯。3年“坡改梯”农田土壤各养分含量均高于1年“坡改梯”农田，其中有机质、全氮和速效钾含量随着更改年限的增加显著提高。【结论】与坡耕地相比，研究区域“坡改梯”农田初期土壤养分含量匮乏，但随着更改年限的增加，“坡改梯”农田土壤养分状况逐渐改善，建议“坡改梯”农田培肥时应在施用有机肥的基础上重视氮肥和磷肥的施用。 |
| 关键词: 秦岭北麓 坡耕地 坡改梯 土壤养分 |
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| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD15B04）；中英可持续农业创新协作网资助项目 |
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| Nutrients in soils of newly built terraces in northern Qinling Mountains:A case study in Yujia river basin,Zhouzhi County |
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ZHANG Xiao-jia,KANG Ting-ting,CHEN Zhu-jun,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The nutrient contents in soils of newly-built terraces in Yujia river basin,Zhouzhi Country in northern Qinling Mountains were determined for improving soil fertility and reasonable fertilization.【Method】We collected soil samples (at depth of 0-20 cm) from 26 newly built terraces and 4 slope farmlands in northern Qinling Mountains,determined the pH and contents of NO3-,NH4+,soil organic matter (SOM),total nitrogen (N),available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K),and evaluated each index according to the classification standards of nutrient contents in Shaanxi.We also studied the effect of number of years on soil nutrient contents in newly-built terrace.【Result】The soil pH of 26 newly-built terraces ranged from 7.06 to 8.05,which was in weak alkaline.The contents of SOM and total N were 7.54-16.72 and 0.48-1.10 g/kg,and both were in low levels.The contents of mineral N,available P,and available K were of 2.90-14.79,0.38-12.98,and 92.80-158.00 mg/kg,respectively.The mineral N was extremely low,available P was mostly in low and very low levels,and available K was mainly in medium level.The soil nutrient contents in topsoil of the slope farmland were higher than those of the newly-built terraces,and the differences in SOM and total N between the slope farmlands and the newly-built terraces were significant.The soil nutrients in 3 years old terraces were higher than that in 1 year old terraces.As the increasing of cultivation years,the contents of SOM,total N and available K in soils of the newly-built terraces increased significantly.【Conclusion】Compared to slope farmlands,the newly-built terraces were in lack of nutrients at the initial stage,and the soil nutrient conditions gradually improved along with the increasing years of cultivation.It is suggested to pay more attention to the application of manures and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to improve soil fertility and crop production. |
| Key words: northern Qinling Mountains slope farmland newly built terrace soil nutrient |
