| 摘要: |
| 【目的】根据低温处理下秋菊叶片的各脂肪酸组分含量和半致死温度(LT50)，对9个秋菊品种的抗寒性进行评价，确定合适的抗寒性评价方法。【方法】以早花品种‘檀香狮子’、‘日出东方’、‘铜雀春深’、‘早粉盘’、‘金锋铃’和晚花品种‘关东新侠’、‘云龙凤舞’、‘星光灿烂’、‘墨宝’等9个秋菊品种为试材，进行16和5 ℃温度处理，通过气相色谱法对其叶片脂肪酸组分及含量进行测定；同时在低温恒温槽中进行低温(0，－4，－8，－12，－16，－20 ℃)处理，测定其脚芽叶片电导率，确定LT50。【结果】秋菊叶片饱和脂肪酸中含量最高的是棕榈酸(C16∶0)，16 ℃时其相对含量为11.06%～16.20%，5 ℃时相对含量为9.88%～11.28%；不饱和脂肪酸中含量最高的是亚麻酸(C18∶3)，16和5 ℃下其相对含量分别为51.79%～64.63%和59.99%～64.31%。叶片中不饱和脂肪酸含量随温度的降低而上升，其中亚麻酸/(油酸+亚油酸)明显高于亚麻酸/(油酸+亚油酸+亚麻酸)和亚油酸/(油酸+亚油酸+亚麻酸)。‘墨宝’、‘星光灿烂’、‘铜雀春深’3个品种的LT50在－9 ℃以下，‘日出东方’ LT50为－6.916 ℃。聚类分析结果显示，9个秋菊品种中抗寒性较强的包括‘墨宝’、‘星光灿烂’和‘檀香狮子’；抗寒性中等的包括‘金锋铃’和‘早粉盘’；抗寒性较弱的包括‘铜雀春深’、‘云龙凤舞’、‘日出东方’和‘关东新侠’。【结论】菊花叶片中的亚麻酸/(亚油酸+油酸)可作为鉴定秋菊品种抗寒性的有效指标，‘墨宝’、‘星光灿烂’2个品种的抗寒性较强。不饱和脂肪酸含量与LT50 2种指标的有机结合，为菊花抗寒品种的快速筛选及抗寒性评价提供了有效方法。 |
| 关键词: 菊花 叶片 低温 脂肪酸组分 抗寒性评价 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:河南省重大科技专项(091100110200) |
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| Fatty acids components and cold resistance of 9 autumn chrysanthemum cultivars |
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WANG Cui-li,LI Yong,CUI Yang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Based on the contents of fatty acid components and half lethal temperatures (LT50) of autumn chrysanthemum cultivars under low temperature,an appropriate cold resistance evaluation system was established and the cold resistances of the 9 cultivars were analyzed.【Method】9 autumn chrysanthemum cultivars,including early flowering cultivars (‘Tanxiangshizi’,‘Richudongfang’,‘Tongquechunshen’,‘Zaofenpan’,and ‘Jinfengling’) and late flowering cultivars (‘Guandongxinxia’,‘Yunlongfengwu’,‘Xingguangcanlan’,and ‘Mobao’) were chosen.After the treatment of 16 ℃ and 5 ℃,the fatty acid components and their contents were determined by gas chromatography.The half lethal temperatures were also inferred by relative electrical conductivity of low temperature treatments (0,－4,－8,－12,－16,and －20 ℃) in thermostatic bath.【Result】Palmitic acid had the highest content among saturated fatty acids in autumn chrysanthemum leaf, and the relative percent contents were 11.06%－16.20% and 9.88%－11.28% at 16 ℃ and 5 ℃,respectively.Linolenic acid had the highest content among unsaturated fatty acids,and the relative contents were 51.79%－64.63% and 59.99%－64.31% at 16 and 5 ℃,respectively.Contents of unsaturated fatty acids increased with the decrease of temperature,and the ratio of linolenic acid to (oleic acid+linoleic acid) was significantly higher than the ratio linolenic acid to (oleic acid+linoleic acid+linolenic acid) and the ratio of linoleic acid to (oleic acid+linoleic acid+linolenic acid).The LT50 values of ‘Mobao’,‘Xingguangcanlan’ and ‘Tongquechunshen’ were<－9 ℃ and that of ‘Richudongfang’ was －6.916 ℃.Cluster analysis shows that ‘Mobao’,‘Xingguangcanlan’ and ‘Tanxiangshizi’ had strong cold resistance,‘Jinfengling’ and ‘Zaofenpan’ had moderate cold resistance,while ‘Tongquechunshen’,‘Yunlongfengwu’,‘Richudongfang’ and ‘Guandongxinxia’ had weak cold resistance.【Conclusion】The ratio of linolenic acid to (linoleic acid+oleic acid) could be used as efficient evaluation index for cold resistance of autumn chrysanthemum cultivars.‘Mobao’ and ‘Xingguangcanlan’ had strong cold resistance.The content of unsaturated fatty acids and LT50 could be used for the selection of cold resistant chrysanthemum cultivars and cold resistance evaluation. |
| Key words: Dendranthema×grandiflorum leaf low temperature fatty acid components cold resistance evaluation |
