| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究野猪(Sus scrofa)冬季功能性生境格局及其差异，为野猪资源的有效保护和可持续利用提供理论指导。【方法】于2007-12-2008-02，结合样线法和样方法对四川凉山美姑大风顶自然保护区野猪冬季功能性生境格局进行了研究，测定了野猪取食地、排便地、筑巢地等3类功能性生境的20个环境因子，比较野猪对3类功能性生境各环境因子之间的选择差异。【结果】本研究共发现野猪痕迹91处，其中含有拱食痕迹的样方数为53个，含有粪便痕迹的样方数为31个，含有巢穴的样方数为7个。单因素方差分析表明：野猪取食地、排便地、筑巢地3类功能性生境各变量之间均存在一定的差异，其中乔木高度差异显著(P=0.040)，其他生境变量差异均未达到显著水平(P＞0.05)；经多重比较发现，取食地与筑巢地的灌木盖度差异达到显著水平；野猪取食地的海拔(2 248.08±18.61) m、郁闭度(32.75±1.96)%、乔木胸径(51.03±3.69) cm、乔木距离(1.91±0.20) m、灌木距离(1.33±0.20) m，均大于排便地和筑巢地；而野猪排便地的灌木高度(154.50±11.78) cm大于取食地和筑巢地；筑巢地的灌木盖度(62.86±9.69)%、地表总盖度(87.86±3.88)%、干枯植物盖度(73.95±4.84)%均大于取食地和排便地。野猪冬季不论是取食、排便还是筑巢都主要选择人为干扰轻、靠近水源、向阳、坡度平缓、中坡位的灌丛；野猪较高频次地选择坡形不均匀的生境(48.39%)排便；冬季野猪将巢主要建于灌丛(42.86%)，部分建于阔叶林(28.57%)和针阔混交林(28.57%)，但不在针叶林建巢，而取食(5.66%)和排便(3.23%)发生在针叶林中。经χ2检验，野猪3类功能性生境在隐蔽度的选择上存在极显著差异，而对于坡位、坡度、坡向、坡形、植被类型、水源距离、干扰强度等生境变量选择的差异不显著。【结论】野猪在取食、排便、筑巢等3类功能性生境的选择上存在差异，其中对乔木高度、灌木盖度和隐蔽度的选择差异显著。 |
| 关键词: 野猪(Sus scrofa) 冬季 生境选择 美姑大风顶国家级自然保护区 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC09B02-6) |
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| Winter functional habitats of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve |
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ZHOU Xue-yi,YIN Hang,MENG Fan-lu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study was undertaken in the Hengduan Mountains in Sichuan Province.In recent years,number of wild boars in this area has increased and reports of damage to local properties have been received.This study described the winter functional habitat preferences of boars in this area to provide theoretical guidance for the effective conservation and sustainable use of boar resources.【Method】This study investigated winter functional habitats of wild boar from December 2007 to February 2008 using strip transect surveys in the Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province,Southwest China.A total of 20 environmental factors of foraging,defecation,and nesting sites were measured and the differences were compared.【Result】91 wild boar traces,including 53 feeding,31 defection,and 7 nesting sites were observed.One-way ANOVA indicated that there were differences between the factors of the three occupation types,with a significant level (P=0.040) a tree height.Multiple comparison found the difference in shrub canopy of foraging and nesting sites was significant.The elevation (2 248.08±18.61) m,canopy (32.75±1.96)%,tree diameter at breast height (51.03±3.69) cm,distance to the nearest tree (1.91±0.20) m,and distance to the nearest shrubs (1.33±0.20) m of foraging habitats were larger than those of defecation and nesting habitats.Shrub height at the defecation sites (154.50±11.78) cm were greater than those of foraging (140.61±11.16) cm and nesting habitats,(130.14±22.72) cm.Shrub cover (62.86±9.69)%,surface coverage (87.86±3.88)%,and withered plants cover (73.95±4.84)% of nesting sites were greater than those of foraging and defecation habitats.In general,our results indicated that boars preferred shrubs with less anthropogenic disturbance,sunny,gently and middle slopes,and close to water.Boar defecation was commonly observed in environment with uneven slopes (48.39%).Nesting sites were mostly located in shrubs (42.86%),followed by deciduous forest (28.57%) and mixed coniferous forest (28.57%).Forging (5.66%) and defecation (3.23%) happened in coniferous forest.By χ2 test,there were significant differences in the concealment of three habitant types while differences in other factors were not significant.【Conclusion】There were differences among the selection of three functional habitats,with significance in concealment,tree height and shrub cover. |
| Key words: wild boar(Sus scrofa) winter habitat selection Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve |
