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| 饲料碳水化合物水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能和血液主要生化指标的影响 |
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吴凡1,2,2, 文华1,2,2, 蒋明，等1,2,2
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1.中国水产科学研究院 淡水渔业研究中心，长江水产研究所;2.中国水产科学研究院 长江水产研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同碳水化合物（CBH）水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分和血液生化指标的影响，以确定其适宜添加水平。【方法】以CBH质量分数分别为20%,27%,34%，41%和48%的5组等脂纯化饲料，投喂初始体质量为(4.77±0.52) g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼10周，测定并分析其对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼体质量增加率、特定生长率、鱼体营养成分、血脂含量和血清转氨酶活性等指标的影响。【结果】随着饲料CBH质量分数的升高，罗非鱼幼鱼的体质量增加率和特定生长率先上升后下降，在41%CBH组达到最高，并显著高于其余4组(P<0.05)；饲料系数以27%CBH组最低；肝体比、脏体比随着饲料CBH水平上升而显著升高；蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率以41%CBH组最高，且显著高于20%，27%和34% CBH组(P<0.05)。全鱼和肝脏粗蛋白含量随着饲料CBH水平的升高而显著下降(P<0.05)，全鱼和肝脏粗脂肪含量则显著升高(P<0.05)。幼鱼血清中的胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性均在48%CBH组达到最高，且显著高于其余4组(P<0.05)。【结论】吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中的CBH对蛋白质有节约作用，适宜添加水平可达41％；摄取CBH水平过高(48％)会导致脂肪肝和高血脂，并对鱼体肝脏功能造成损害。 |
| 关键词: 吉富罗非鱼 碳水化合物 生长性能 血液生化指标 |
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| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2011JBFA21)；国家罗非鱼现代产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-49)；2010年公益性行业（农业）科研专项(201003020) |
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| Effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of juvenile GIFT tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus） |
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WU Fan,WEN Hua,JIANG Ming,etal
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Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences，etal
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the influences of different dietary carbohydrate (CBH) levels on growth performance,body composition and blood biochemical parameters of juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus),to detect the suitable addition amount of CBH to the diet of GIFT tilapia.【Method】5 iso lipidic (7.0% crude lipid) diet groups were formulated with different CBH mass fractions:20%,27%,34%,41%,and 48%,respectively.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 30 juvenile GIFT tilapia with average weights of (4.77±0.52) g for 10 weeks.【Result】The weight gain rates (WGR) and specific growth rates (SGR) of the diet group with 41% CBH were significant higher than those of the other four groups (P<0.05).The feed conversion rates (FCR) of the diet group with 27% CBH were the lowest in the all groups.The hepatopancreas somatic indexes (HSI) and viscerosomatic indexes (VSI) of test fishes increased significantly as the increase of dietary CBH levels.Protein efficiency ratios (PER) and protein productive values (PPV) of the diet group with 41% CBH were significant higher than those of groups with 20%,27% and 34% CBH (P<0.05).Crude protein contents in whole body and liver of fishes decreased as the increase of dietary CBH levels,while body and liver lipid contents showed converse trends.The contents of serum cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TG) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the fishes fed with 48% CBH diet were significant higher than other treatments.【Conclusion】The results indicated that dietary CBH could reduce the protein dosage for juvenile GIFT tilapia and the suggested optimal dietary CBH level was 41%.However,exorbitant dietary CBH intake (such as 48%) might result in liver fat accumulation,functional disorder and hyperlipemia. |
| Key words: GIFT tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus） carbohydrate growthperformance blood biochemical parameters |
