| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究山楂叶螨种群在苹果幼苗单叶片上建立、扩展的过程，以期明确山楂叶螨由个体到种群的发展机理和整体趋势。【方法】选择3年生盆栽矮化红富士苹果幼苗，分别单叶接螨1，3和5头，观察单叶山楂叶螨种群繁殖和扩散情况及叶片的变化，记录35 d该螨由个体发展为种群，导致叶片焦灼的整个过程。【结果】山楂叶螨在室内，6月份15～17 d可完成1代，35 d内完全发生2个世代。在苹果单叶片上，卵占种群优势数量，其在不同位置叶片分布为中部＞上部＞下部，雌成螨的数量分布表现为上部＞下部＞中部。初始接螨量越大，叶片上种群数量越多，其种群扩张速度越快，为害越严重，叶片提前干枯。当单叶接螨量达5头，接种（6.6±1.5） d后向其他叶片扩散，（14.6±2.5） d后全株布满蛛丝及叶螨，仅（20.4±1.1） d达4级为害状，叶片全株焦灼。【结论】山楂叶螨应在叶片害斑不明显时及早防治，关键控制初始螨量，当单叶虫源基数达5头时应密切关注其繁殖动态。 |
| 关键词: 山楂叶螨 苹果单叶片 实验种群 为害级 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省农业攻关项目（2008K01-04）；世界银行资助项目（Y/SHYL/XY/050） |
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| Establishment and die-out of hawthorn spider mite experimental population in single apple leaf |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The research studied the process of hawthorn spider mite population establishment in single apple leaf to clear the mites from the individual to the population and the overall trend of development mechanism.【Method】In laboratory conditions,through designing different initial mite numbers in single apple leaf for 1 mite/leaf,3 mites/leaf,5 mites/leaf,then leaves change,mites reproduction and population diffusion process were observed,finally the development from individual to population and the process which lead whole apple leaves to dry were recorded.【Result】Under indoor conditions,hawthorn spider mites occurred one generation within 15-17 days in June,and occurred two full generations within 35 days.Ovum number was the highest of the population in single apple leaf,the distribution on apple seedlings of the female adults was upper>lower>middle,the distribution of ovum was central>upper>lower.The more initial mites number was taken in single leaf,the faster population expanded,and more serious damage appeared on apple seedlings.It just took (6.6±1.5) days that the population spread to other leaves,the whole apple seedling was covered by hawthorn spider mites and mites silk after (14.6±2.5) days,and (20.4±1.1) days to destroy the plant when inoculated 5 mites in single leaf.【Conclusion】The key of prevention was low initial number and early control before obvious spot appeared in leaves.People should pay close attention to the propagation dynamic when 5 mites appeared in single leaf. |
| Key words: hawthorn spider mite single apple leaf experimental population damage level |
