| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究灌水频率对甘蓝栽培中抗病性、品质和产量3个主要性状指标的影响，为确定甘蓝生产的最适宜灌水频率及制定其标准化栽培技术提供参考。【方法】选用国家审定甘蓝品种“秦甘 60”为试材,秋季栽培后于第1片莲座叶展开时进行1次统一灌水后，采用相同灌水量不同灌水频率，即间隔6，8，10（CK），12和14 d灌水共5个处理，在甘蓝结球中后期调查处理间病毒病和黑腐病的发病株数和发病程度，在叶球采收期统计产量并测定品质，比较灌水频率对“秦甘60”甘蓝品种抗病性、品质和产量等性状指标的影响。【结果】在“秦甘60”甘蓝品种栽培中，灌水频率为8 d时病害最轻，病毒病和黑腐病的病情指数分别为1.48（HR）和1.85（HR），产量最高，可达71 896.0kg/hm2，较对照增产9.3%；5个灌水处理中灌水间隔越短，结球越紧实，帮叶比较大，中心柱变长，可溶性糖和干物质含量增加，叶球鲜食口感更为脆甜，品质更优。【结论】“秦甘60”甘蓝品种在秋季栽培的水分管理中，当第1片莲座叶展开统一灌水后，以灌水频率为8或10 d的灌水效果较好。总体而言，灌水频率为6，12，14 d时，甘蓝植株容易感染病害，叶球品质变差，产量较低；而灌水频率为8或10 d时，甘蓝植株高抗病毒病并兼抗黑腐病，叶球紧实度≥0.6 g/cm3，帮叶比≤25.3%，中心柱≤5.86 cm，营养丰富、质地脆甜、品质优良，产量高，可实现“秦甘60”甘蓝品种抗病优质丰产的标准化栽培目标。 |
| 关键词: 甘蓝 灌水频率 抗病性 品质 产量 |
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| 基金项目:国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD01A7-2-04，2008BADB1B02）；陕西省13115重大科技专项（2008ZDKG-03）；农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项（NYHYZX07-007）；西北农林科技大学太白蔬菜试验示范站项目;西北农林科技大学甘蓝育种专项 |
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| Effects of irrigation frequency on disease resistance,quality and yield in cabbage |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】An experiment on cabbage was conducted to explore the effect of irrigation frequency on indexes of three main characters such as disease resistance,quality and yield.The objective was to determine the most suitable irrigation frequency and provide reference of standard cultivation techniques for cabbage.【Method】Experiment was conducted with “Qingan 60” which was selected as test material.Unified irrigation was taken once when the first rosette leaves expanded after autumn cultivation.The same irrigation was added respectively at 5 different time intervals (6,8,CK(10),12 and 14 d).A survey was done on the number of plant disease and disease severity of virus disease and black rot disease,at the middle and late stages of heading cabbage.It was researched on the quality,yield and indexes of three main characters such as disease resistance,quality and yield of “Qingan 60”.【Result】The “Qingan 60” was dealt with irrigation in an interval of 8 d, its disease index of black rot disease and virus disease was the lightest,1.48（HR）and 1.85（HR）respectively,its yield was the highest up to 71 896.0 kg/hm2,9.3% higher than that of CK.Under five interval time treatments,the shorter interval,the more compactness head would be,the higher petiole leaf ratio,the longer head central axis,the more crispness and sweet leafy head fresh taste and the better quality.【Conclusion】Experiment was conducted with “Qingan 60”.Unified irrigation was taken once when the first rosette leaves expanded after autumn cultivation.The treatment effect in an interval of 8 or 10 d was better than that in an interval of 6，12，14 d.The latter plants were susceptible to disease,its head quality-worse,its yield-lower.The former plants had some features as following:It had resistance to black rot disease and virus disease;its solidity of head was more than 0.6 g/cm3;its petiole-leaf ratio was less than 25.3%;its head central axis was less than 5.86 cm.With advantage of nutrient-rich,crispness and sweet texture,high quality,high yield,it can meet the requirement of disease resistance,good quality and high yield standardized cultivation of “Qingan 60”. |
| Key words: cabbage irrigation frequency disease resistance quality yield |
