| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 应用3S、数据仓库等技术，动态监测并分析塔里木河干流1999~2004年生态水平的动态变化特征，定量估算相应生态水平下天然植被的生态需水量，为流域生态修复及生态用水决策提供科学依据。【方法】 对从塔里木河流域管理局获取的多维多时相遥感数据源,通过数据预处理、分类体系划分、解译、专题提取、建库及定性定量分析等步骤，得到研究区生态水平动态变化数据；应用潜水蒸发原理，计算相应生态水平下天然植被的生态需水量。【结果】 随流域治理及应急输水工程的展开，塔里木河干流天然植被分布面积呈逐年增长趋势，各优势性植被类型多度有所增加，盖度响应明显，其中以中、下游草地植被类型最明显；相应生态水平下天然植被生态需水量逐年增加，这主要由中、下游草地面积和盖度增加所致。【结论】 进一步验证了流域水文过程与生态响应之间的密切耦合关系，且随流域生态环境的改善及生态水平的提高，生态需水量发生相应变化。因此，在目前流域竞争用水前提下，科学制定合理的生态水平目标，对于确保水资源配置中的生态用水至关重要。 |
| 关键词: 3S 塔里木河干流 生态水平 动态监测 天然植被生态需水 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(50679070)；世界银行贷款项目“塔里木河流域水量调度管理系统” |
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| Study on dynamic monitor of ecological level and ecological water requirement in the main stream of Tarim River based on 3S technology |
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GAO Fan,HUANG Qiang and YAN Zheng-long,GAO Fan,HUANG Qiang and YAN Zheng-long,GAO Fan,HUANG Qiang and YAN Zheng-long
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Based on the information technology of 3S and databases warehouse,the dynamic changes of ecological level are analyzed and the ecological water requirement (EWR) of natural vegetation is estimated for the mainstream of Tarim River from 1999 to 2004 in order to provide the decision basis of ecological restoration and ecological water use.【Method】 The gathered multi-dimensional and multi-temporal data are treated under the division of classification system,the interpretation and extraction of RS information,the building of massive database and the analysis in a qualitative and quantitative way.Using the principles of phreatic evaporation,the EWR of natural vegetation sensible to the current ecological level is calculated.【Result】 The result shows that with the implementation of the Emergent Water Transportation Project and basin governance engineering,the areas of natural vegetation tend to improve year by year,the abundance of advantage vegetation type is recovering,and the vegetation coverage response is clearly significant in the study area,especially in the grassland type of middle and lower reaches.【Conclusion】 This article emphasizes the coupling relationship between hydrological processes and ecological evolution,points out that EWR is a time-spatial variable and will change following the ecological level.The scientific target establishment of reasonable ecological level is very important for the allocation of water resources in the ecological water use. |
| Key words: 3S mainstream of Tarim River ecological level dynamic monitor EWR of natural vegetation |
