| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 探讨追施氮肥对中筋小麦小偃22产量和品质的影响，为关中主栽小麦品种小偃22高产调优栽培措施的制定提供理论依据。【方法】 2005～2006年以小麦品种小偃22为材料，于拔节期和孕穗期追施不同量的氮肥,检测其产量、籽粒品质指标和面粉粉质指标的变化。【结果】 不同生育期追施氮肥后小偃22平均单产较对照提高13.6%，其中以拔节期施纯氮37.5 kg/hm2+孕穗期施纯氮75 kg/hm2处理增产效果最为显著，较对照净增1 350.5 kg/hm2，增幅达20.8%。追施氮肥处理平均籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋、干面筋含量及出粉率和吸水率显著或极显著提高，依次较对照提高6.6%，9.2%，9.9%，2.3%和2.3%；追氮对沉淀值和稳定时间影响不大，但平均硬度和弱化度较对照分别提高1.8%和22.4%；形成时间、评价值和粉质质量依次较对照降低8.3%，10.5%和16.8%。【结论】 追施氮肥可显著提高小偃22的产量，显著改善其籽粒品质，但不利于粉质品质的改善。拔节期37.5 kg/hm2+孕穗期75 kg/hm2追氮组合对产量和籽粒的蛋白质品质及粉质品质效应最佳。 |
| 关键词: 小麦 追施氮肥 产量 品质 蛋白质含量；小偃22 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省重点项目“优质小麦标准化示范工程”；西北农林科技大学科研专项（05ZR012）；杨凌农业科技推广专项（YLTG2006-6） |
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| Effect of nitrogen topdressing on yield and quality of in medium-gluten wheat Xiaoyan 22 |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The objective of the paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of high yield and quality techniques for wheat cultivar of Xiaoyan 22 by topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at different stages in the center of Shaanxi Province.【Method】 With Xiaoyan 22 as test material,different amounts of nitrogen topdressing were applied at jointing and booting stages，and the effect on yield, grain quality and flour quality was investigated. 【Result】 The yield was increased,13.6% more than the control by topdressing nitrogen at different stages.Nitrogen topdressing with 37.5 kg/hm2 at jointing stage and 75 kg/hm2 at booting stage resulted in strongly significant yield improvement,with a net yield increase 1 350.5 kg/hm2 over the control. Several grain and flour quality parameters including grain protein,wet gluten,dry gluten,flour yield,and water absorption were highly improved by 6.6%,9.2%,9.9%,2.3% and 2.3% respectively;sedimentation value and stability time had little change,but the hardness and degree of softening was increased by 1.8% and 22.4% respectively;development time,evaluation value farinography were reduced by 8.3%,10.5% and 16.8% respectively.【Conclusion】 Topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the output and grain quality of Xiaoyan 22,while the application did not affect flour quality improvement. Nitrogen topdressing with 37.5 kg/hm2 at jointing stage and 75 kg/hm2 at booting stage produced the best effects on yield,grain protein content and flour content. |
| Key words: Triticum aestivum L. nitrogen topdressing yield quality protein content Xiaoyan 22 |
