| 摘要: |
| [目的]研究杜仲花粉的形态、萌发及贮藏特性,以期有效地开展杜仲杂交育种和多倍体育种工作.[方法]以不同方式收集、不同含水率及不同温度下贮藏的各种杜仲花粉为试材,采用培养基法进行花粉萌发试验,利用电镜扫描技术对花粉萌发过程中的形态特征进行观察,并研究了培养基中蔗糖质量浓度、琼脂含量与培养温度、培养时间等因素对杜仲花粉萌发的影响,以及贮藏时间、贮藏温度与花粉含水率等因素对花粉贮藏特性的影响.[结果]干燥的杜仲花粉粒呈长椭圆形,赤道面观为卵形,极面观为三角形,极轴长32～38 μm,赤道轴长20～22 μm,远极面有3个复合萌发沟,在花粉萌发过程中只有一个萌发沟中生长的花粉管延伸;杜仲花粉萌发的适宜培养基及培养条件为:培养基含100 g/L(新鲜花粉)或200 g/L(干燥贮藏花粉)蔗糖和5 g/L琼脂,于25℃下培养;贮藏期不同的杜仲化粉,其最佳萌发培养时间有差异;树体成熟花粉与室内水培花枝成熟花粉,在贮藏和萌发性方面无明显差异;随着贮藏时间的延长,杜仲花粉的生活力下降,含水率6%的花粉在4℃下的有效贮藏期限为6个月;4～-20 ℃的低温有利于杜仲花粉贮藏;杜仲花粉贮藏的适宜含水率为6%.[结论]杜仲花粉最适的贮藏温度是4～-20 ℃,含水率为6%左右,采集即将成熟花枝水培是获得杜仲花粉切实可行的途径. |
| 关键词: 杜仲 花粉贮藏 萌发性 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省农业科技攻关项目（2005K01-G14-4） |
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| Study on pollen form and preservation and germination quality of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The paper studied pollen form and preservation and germination quality of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv so as to carry out crossing and polyploid breeding works effectively.【Method】 This paper studied various pollens of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv with different collecting methods,watery rate,storage temperature,and induce them germinate in sucrose medium,observe the morphology quality variation during the germination period with electricity microscope scanning technology.We analyzed the sucrose concentration,agar concentration in medium,temperature,time and other factors that influence the pollen germination quality,and storage time,temperature,watery rate of pollen and other factors that influence the pollen storage quality.【Result】 Dry pollen spore looks like long oval,from the equator side like egg,and the pole side triangle,the pole axis is as long as 32-38 μm and equator axis 20-22 μm,there are 3 compound germination ditchs on the far pole side,and only 1 ditch will sprout tube during the germination period;The optimal pollen germination medium and condition contain 10 g/L (fresh pollen) or 20 g/L (dry store pollen) sucrose and 5 g/L agar and culturing at 25 ℃.The pollen has different super germination time during culture period with different storage time.There is no significant differences in storage and germination quality between pollens from natural mature branches of the tree and from the water culture branches in greenhouse.Pollen vitality decreases with theprolonging of storage time,so the best storage time is 6 months.The favorable cold storage temperatures are 4 ℃ and -20 ℃; and the suitable storage watery rate is 6%.【Conclusion】 For the pollen of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv,the suitable storage temperature are 4 ℃ and -20 ℃ and the watery rate is 6%.Water cultivating flowering branches is a pratical and feasible method to get pollen of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. |
| Key words: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv pollen storage germination quality |
