| 摘要: |
| 有机高分子聚合物能对土壤水分特征产生重要影响，为阐明聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对黄土高原主要土壤类型（黄绵土、黑垆土和塿土）的保水作用，采用土柱法研究了PAM用量分别为54.5，112.9，169.4和225.8 mg/kg对3种土壤的持水性能、土壤饱和导水率和土壤蒸发量的影响，并以不添加PAM为对照。结果表明，PAM提高了黄绵土和黑垆土的持水量，而对土娄土效果不明显。在土壤导水率方面，PAM对黄绵土的改善效果最明显，除添加225.8 mg/kg PAM的处理外，土壤饱和导水率随PAM用量的增加而增大；黑垆土的饱和导水率与对照相比也有一定提高，但添加225.8 mg/kg PAM的处理除外；土娄土的饱和导水率在施入PAM后降低。在一定土壤含水量条件下，保水剂抗蒸发作用明显，随PAM用量的增加，各土壤的蒸发量均减少，其中土娄土、黑垆土和黄绵土添加225.8 mg/kg PAM的处理与对照相比，蒸发量分别减少24.5%，55.8%和33.7%。说明在一定用量范围内，PAM可以提高黄土高原主要类型土壤的持水和导水性能，并且可以减少土壤水分的蒸发。 |
| 关键词: 土壤类型 PAM 保水性能 土壤水分蒸发 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| 国家“863”节水农业项目（2006AA100215）；河南省重点科技攻关项目（0623012600） |
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| Abstract: |
| The organic high polymer has an important effect on the characteristics of soil water.In order to clarify the effect of water conservation of polyacrylamide(PAM) (0 mg/kg,54.5 mg/kg,112.9 mg/kg,169.4 mg/kg,225.8 mg/kg) on main soil of Loess Plateau,such as Lou soil,Loessal soil and Dark loessial soil,a method of soil column was used to measure soil water retaining capability,soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and evaporation capacity in three kinds of loess plateau soils by lab test.The result indicated that soil water retaining capability of Dark loessial soil and Loessal soil were higher than CK under the action of PAM,but that of Lou soil did not show evident change.However,with the increasing of PAM,the saturated hydraulic conductivity of Loessal soil increased except under treatment 4(225.8 mg/kg),that of Dark loessial soil advanced a little except under treatment 4(225.8 mg/kg),but that of Lou soil was inverse.As for anti-evaporation of soil water,soil evaporation reduced with the increasing of PAM,for example compared with CK,the evaporation under treatment 4(225.8 mg/kg) of three soils reduced respectively by 24.5%,55.8%,and 33.7%.Above study showed PAM improved water retaining capability of soil and hydraulic conductivity during relative PAM dosage,and decreased soil evaporation. |
| Key words: soil types polyacrylamide water retaining capability soil water evaporation |
