| 摘要: |
| 测定了无核葡萄品种及其杂种胚珠和浆果不同发育时期的重量和纵横径,并对其进行了细胞学观察。结果表明:(1)不同葡萄品种及杂种组合的胚发育、败育时期不同。(2)无核葡萄及其杂种的胚珠重量和纵横径增加到一定阶段时停止,而浆果在胚珠停止发育时仍继续发育。(3)细胞学观察发现,无核葡萄、有核葡萄及其杂种胚的发育都经历合子胚→多细胞时期→小球形胚→大球形胚→心形胚→鱼雷胚→成熟胚的各个时期。(4)胚败育的主要原因是合子胚发育不良,珠心、珠被细胞提早解体退化;胚乳不分裂或只进行1～2次分裂;授粉、受精不良。因此,在胚珠发育停止前,重量和纵横径最大且胚发育为心形胚时,对无核葡萄及其杂种进行胚挽救易获成功。 |
| 关键词: 无核葡萄 中国野生葡萄杂种胚 胚珠 胚败育 细胞学分析 |
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| 基金项目:国家948项目(98-1043)；教育部博士点基金项目(980701) |
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| Cytological study of embryo development and abortion in hybrid progeny of seedless grape and Chinese wild grapes |
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| Abstract: |
| The cytological observation and study of changes of weights,and vertical and horizontal diameters of ovules and berries in different development stages of hybrid progeny seedless grape and Chinese wild grapes shows:（1）There are differene stages of embryo abortion and embryo development among different varieties and hybridization crosses.（2）The weight,vertical and horizontal diameters of ovules of seedless grape and hybrid progene will stop growing when they reach certain stages while berry continues its growth.（3）In seeded,seedless grapes and hybridized crosses,the course of embryo development was;zygote→proembryo with many cells→smaller globular embryo→larger globular embryo→heart-shape embryo→torpedo-shape embryo→mature embryo.(4) The mechainism of embryo abortion in seedless grapes may be caused by the following reasons:poor development of Zygote,degenenration of nucellar cells or integument in early stage;endosperm nucleus undivided or only one or two divided endosperm nucleus or abortive ovule caused by failure fertilization.Therefore.Before ovule stops development,weight and vertical and horizontal diameters are the biggest.Embryo rescue is easy to be achieved successfully when embryo development reaches stage of heart-shape or torpedo-shape. |
| Key words: seedless grape Chinese wild grapes hybrid progeny ovule embryo abortion cytological analysis |
