| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明甘肃温室葡萄生产的能量投入和碳足迹构成，识别主要的碳排放贡献因子，为温室葡萄清洁生产提供依据。【方法】以甘肃温室葡萄为研究对象，将温室葡萄栽培区分为兰州市永登县及武威市凉州区、古浪县、天祝县华藏寺镇和天祝县哈溪镇5个不同海拔区域，通过农户调查获得2019年葡萄生产数据，核算温室葡萄生产各环节的能量输入、能量输出和碳排放，对比分析不同海拔区域温室葡萄生产的能量利用效率、能量生产率、净能量、比能和碳足迹。【结果】甘肃温室葡萄生产的能量输入为273 862～434 421 MJ/hm2，能量输出为170 723～327 962 MJ/hm2，葡萄产量为14 460～27 793 kg/hm2，属于高投入高产出型。甘肃温室葡萄生产的能量利用效率为0.45～1.13，能量生产率为0.038～0.096 kg/MJ，净能量为-263 798～2 496 MJ/hm2，比能为13.51～44.85 MJ/kg；直接能量投入和可再生能量投入占比低，间接能量投入和不可再生能量投入占比高。单位面积碳足迹和单位产量碳足迹分别为32 959～55 075 kg/hm2和1.59～5.70 kg/kg，碳足迹很大程度上来源于氮肥的投入，其占比达45.5%～62.4%。不同区域相比，天祝县哈溪镇温室葡萄生产的能量输入低，能量输出和产量较高，能量利用效率和能量生产率也较高，净能量最大且为正值，比能最小，单位面积碳足迹和单位产量碳足迹均最小；天祝县华藏寺镇能量利用指标最差，碳足迹最大。【结论】甘肃温室葡萄生产的能量利用效率较低，碳足迹较高，能量利用效率的提高和碳足迹的降低空间均较大。因此应采取降低氮肥使用量、优化氮肥与有机肥配比等科学合理的管理措施，提高甘肃温室葡萄生产的能量利用效率，降低碳足迹，改善其环境效应。 |
| 关键词: 温室葡萄 能量利用效率 碳足迹 甘肃省 |
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| 基金项目:甘肃省省级财政林业改革发展资金-甘肃省林业和草原局科技创新项目“甘肃葡萄产业碳足迹评价”；国家自然科学基金项目“绿洲防护带植被变化对土壤水分的响应”（31960334） |
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| Energy use and carbon footprint of greenhouse grape production in Gansu |
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LI Yinke,WANG Yaolin,LIU Kailin,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated energy input and carbon footprint composition of greenhouse grape production in Gansu and identified main contribution factors of carbon emission to provide basis for clean production of greenhouse grapes.【Method】The greenhouse grape cultivation region in Gansu was divided into five regions with different altitudes including Yongdeng County,Lanzhou,Liangzhou District,Wuwei,Gulang County,Huazangsi Town,Tianzhu County and Haxi Town,Tianzhu County.The data of grape production in 2019 were obtained through farmer household survey.The energy input,energy output and carbon emission of each link in greenhouse grape production were calculated,and energy use efficiency,energy productivity,net energy,specific energy and carbon footprint of greenhouse grape production in regions at different altitudes were compared and analyzed.【Result】The energy input of greenhouse grape production was 273 862-434 421 MJ/hm2,energy output was 170 723-327 962 MJ/hm2,and grape yield was 14 460-27 793 kg/hm2.Thus,the grapes in Gansu belonged to high input and high output types.The energy use efficiency of greenhouse grape production was 0.45-1.13,energy productivity was 0.038－0.096 kg/MJ,net energy was -263 798－2 496 MJ/hm2,and specific energy was 13.51-44.85 MJ/kg.The proportions of direct energy input and renewable energy input were low,while the proportions of indirect energy input non-renewable energy input were high.Carbon footprint per unit area and carbon footprint per unit yield were 32 959-55 075 kg/hm2 and 1.59-5.70 kg/kg,respectively.Carbon footprint was largely from nitrogen fertilizer input with proportion of 45.5%-62.4%.Comparison of different regions showed that Haxi Town,Tianzhu County had the best indexes of low energy input,high energy output,yield,energy use efficiency and energy productivity,the highest and positive net energy,the minimum specific energy,carbon footprint per unit area and carbon footprint per unit yield.Huazangsi Town,Tianzhu County had the worst energy use indexes and the largest carbon footprint.【Conclusion】Greenhouse grape production in Gansu had low energy use efficiency and higher carbon footprint,with large spaces for improvement.It is suggested to apply scientific and reasonable management measures such as reducing nitrogen fertilizer usage and optimizing the ratios of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer,so as to improve energy use efficiency,reduce carbon footprint and improve environmental effects for greenhouse grape production in Gansu. |
| Key words: greenhouse grape energy use efficiency carbon footprint Gansu provice |
