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| 4种柿属植物对盐碱胁迫的抗性评价及生理响应 |
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郑彦豪1,2, 李华威1, 李猛1, 杨江涛1,2, 王祎如1,2, 孙鹏1, 李慧3, 傅建敏1
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1.中国林业科学研究院 经济林研究所，河南 郑州 450003;2.南京林业大学 风景园林学院，江苏 南京 210037;3.中国林业科学研究院 林业科技信息研究所，北京 100091
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】系统评价柿属主要果用种质的盐碱耐受能力，为抗盐碱优异砧木和品种选育提供理论依据与材料支撑，促进柿产业向盐碱地拓展。【方法】以油柿（Diospyros oleifera）、君迁子（D.lotus）、美洲柿（D.virginiana）和天池山野柿（D.kaki）等4种柿属代表种质实生苗为材料，利用中性盐（NaCl）和碱性盐（NaHCO3与Na2CO3质量比为1∶1）设置质量浓度梯度盐胁迫盆栽试验，考察各种质实生苗生长形态、光合作用参数、须根超微结构和须根内源激素含量的差异。【结果】①在40 g/L盐胁迫下，土壤含盐量达0.526%-0.568%（中性盐）和0.285%-0.356%（碱性盐） 时，美洲柿仅叶片轻微发黄、生长受抑，而其余种质15 d内严重枯萎或死亡。在20 g/L盐胁迫下，土壤含盐量为0.212%-0.224%（中性盐）和0.134%-0.169%（碱性盐）时，美洲柿生长未受明显抑制，其余种质呈现中度抑制。② 在20 g/L盐胁迫下，随着胁迫时间延长，美洲柿净光合速率显著高于其他种质，且须根表面损伤程度最低。③在碱性 盐胁迫下，美洲柿和天池山野柿须根内源激素含量存在差异，胁迫24 h后，美洲柿脱落酸（abscisic acid）和茉莉酸甲酯 （methyl jasmonate）含量显著升高，这一现象在天池山野柿中并未观察到，这可能是美洲柿抗盐碱能力强的重要原 因。【结论】美洲柿表现出显著优于其他参试种质的盐碱耐受能力，其耐受阈值为土壤含盐量达到0.5%，这种高抗能 力可能与其须根在遭受胁迫后迅速积累脱落酸和茉莉酸类激素有关。 |
| 关键词: 柿属植物 中性盐 碱性盐 光合特性 植物内源激素 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2027. 01. 006 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD2200600）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目（CAFYBB2025QH008）；湖南省教 育厅资助科研项目（23A0208） |
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| Evaluation of salt⁃alkali tolerance in seedlings of four Diospyros species and their physiological responses |
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Zheng Yanhao1,2, Li Huawei1, Li Meng1, Yang Jiangtao1,2, Wang Yiru1,2, Sun Peng1, Li Hui3, Fu Jianmin1
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1.Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Zhengzhou，Henan 450003，China;2.School of Landscape Architecture，Nanjing Forestry University，Nanjing，Jiangsu 210037，China;3.Institute of Forestry Science and Technology Information，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Beijing 100091，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aims to systematically evaluate the salt-alkali tolerance of major edible persimmon germplasm within the genus Diospyros，and provide a theoretical basis and material support for breeding salt-tolerant rootstocks and varieties，thereby promoting the expansion of persimmon cultivation into saline-alkali soils.【Method】Using seedlings of four representative Diospyros germplasms：D.oleifera，D.lotus，D.virginiana，and D.kaki，a pot experiment with concentration gradient of salt stress was conducted using neutral salt（NaCl） and alkaline salt（1∶1 mass ratio mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3）.Differences in growth morphology，photosynthetic parameters，root ultrastructure，and endogenous hormone content were investigated.【Result】① Under the stress of 40 g/L salt solution mass concentration，when soil salinity reached 0.526%-0.568%（ neutral salts） and 0.285%-0.356%（alkaline salts），D.virginiana exhibited only slight leaf yello-wing and growth inhibition，while other germplasm severely wilted or died within 15 days. Under the stress of 20 g/L salt solution mass concentration，with soil salinity levels of 0.212%-0.224%（neutral salts） and 0.134%-0.169%（alkaline salts），D.virginiana showed no significant growth inhibition，while other germplasm exhibi-ted moderate inhibition. ②Under 20 g/L salt solution stress，as stress duration increased，D.virginiana exhibi-ted significantly higher net photosynthetic rates than other germplasm，with the least surface damage to fine roots. ③ Under alkaline salt stress，differences in endogenous hormone content in fine roots were observed between D.virginiana and D.kaki.In D.virginiana，the content of hormones such as abscisic acid and methyl jas-monate increased significantly 24 hours after stress，a phenomenon not observed in D.kaki.This may be an important reason for the strong salt-alkali tolerance of D.virginiana.【Conclusion】D.virginiana exhibited significantly superior salt-alkali tolerance compared to other tested germplasm，with a tolerance threshold reaching 0.5% soil salinity. This high tolerance may be associated with the rapid accumulation of abscisic acid and jas?monic acid hormones in its fine roots following stress exposure. |
| Key words: Diospyros spp. neutral salts alkaline salts photosynthetic characteristics plant endogenous hormones |
