| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄修剪枝条废弃量大、资源化利用不足等问题，筛选适宜番茄栽培的葡萄枝条复配基质配方并阐明其作用机制。【方法】以番茄‘伊亚’为材料，采用葡萄枝条发酵物、草炭、珍珠岩分别按 体积比20∶50∶30（T1）、30∶40∶30（T2）、40∶30∶30（T3）、50∶20∶30（T4）配制葡萄枝条复配基质，以商品基质为对照 （CK），比较各处理番茄根际基质养分、酶活性、细菌群落多样性及番茄根系生长状况、果实品质与产量，对不同复配基质配方进行综合评价并分析其作用机制。【结果】4种葡萄枝条复配基质对番茄根际基质养分与理化性质均产生了一 定影响，整体上以T3、T4处理的综合效果较优，均有效维持或提升了全磷、速效氮、碳氮比、pH及电导率，改善了根际 环境。与CK相比，T2、T3和T4 处理酶活性均有不同程度提升，其中以T4处理基质的碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和纤维素酶 活性最高，且均显著高于其他处理。复配基质T3和T4处理均可有效提高番茄根际细菌群落多样性，增加放线菌门 （Actinobacteriota）而降低变形菌门（Proteobacteria）与绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）的相对丰度。冗余分析表明，全氮、全磷和电导率是驱动细菌群落组成变化的关键因子。T4 处理在促进番茄根系生长与改善品质指标上总体表现最佳，产量可达238.55 t/hm2 ，产投比为 1.83，净收益40.09 万元/hm2。不同复配基质综合得分的排序为：T4>T3>T2>CK> T1。【结论】葡萄枝条发酵物、草炭、珍珠岩按体积比50∶20∶30复配基质（T4）为番茄栽培的最优基质配方，其通过提升根际养分与酶活性，并在全磷与pH驱动下重塑番茄根际微生物群落，促进番茄根系生长发育、品质提升并实现增产 增收，为贺兰山东麓葡萄枝条的基质化利用与资源化循环提供了可推广的技术路径与理论支撑。 |
| 关键词: 葡萄废弃枝条 复配基质 番茄 根际基质 品质与产量 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2027. 01. 004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目（2024AAC03121）；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2021BEF02016，2023BCF01054） |
|
| Effects of grapevine pruning compound substrate on rhizosphere nutrients and yield quality of tomato |
|
Zhao Xiaoyan1, Li Meihua1, Zhou Juan2, Ding Hongxia1, Ma Rui1, Wei Feng1, Zhang Yahong1
|
|
1.School of Enology and Horticulture，Ningxia University，Yinchuan，Ningxia 750021，China;2.Hetao College，Bayannur，Inner Mongolia 015000，China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aims to screen for suitable formulations of grapevine pruning compound substrate for tomato cultivation and elucidate the underlying mechanisms，thereby relieving the problem of massive grapevine pruning wastes and their low resource utilization efficiency in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia.【Method】Using the tomato variety‘ Iya’ as the test material，composite substrates were prepared by mixing fermented grapevine prunings，peat moss，and perlite at volume ratios of 20∶50∶30（ T1），30∶40∶30（ T2），40∶30∶30（ T3），and 50∶20∶30（ T4）.Commercial substrate was set as the control（CK）.Rhi-zosphere substrate nutrients，enzyme activities，bacterial community diversity，as well as tomato root growth，fruit quality，and yield were compared across treatments. Furthermore，a comprehensive evaluation of different substrate formulations was conducted，and their functional mechanisms were analyzed.【Result】 All four grapevine compound substrates exerted certain effects on the nutrient content and physicochemical properties of to-mato rhizosphere. Overall，T3 and T4 exhibited superior comprehensive performances，effectively maintaining or increasing total phosphorus，available nitrogen，carbon-to-nitrogen ratio，pH，and electrical conductivity，thereby improving the rhizosphere environment. Compared with CK，enzyme activities in T2，T3，and T4 increased to varying degrees. Among these，T4 exhibited the highest activities of alkaline phosphatase，urease，and cellulase，all of which were significantly higher than those in other treatments. Both T3 and T4 compound substrate treat-ments effectively increased the diversity of the tomato rhizosphere bacterial community，increasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota while decreasing those of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Redundancy analysis indicated that total nitrogen，total phosphorus，and electrical conductivity were the key factors driving bacterial community composition variation.T4 exhibited the best overall performance in promoting tomato root growth and improving quality indicators，achieving a yield of 238. 55 t/hm2，an input-output ratio of 1.83，and a net profit of 400 900 yuan/hm2. The comprehensive scores for the different composite substrates ranked as follows：T4>T3>T2>CK>T1.【Conclusion】A compound substrate（T4），consisting of fermented grapevine prun?ings，peat moss，and perlite at a volume ratio of 50∶20∶30，was identified as the optimal formulation for tomato cultivation.By enhancing rhizosphere nutrient availability and enzymatic activities，and by reshaping the rhizo-sphere microbial community under the driving effects of total phosphorus and pH，this treatment promoted to-mato root growth and development，improved fruit quality，and increased yield and profit. This provides a sca-lable
technical approach and theoretical support for substrate utilization and resource recycling of grapevine pru-nings in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains. |
| Key words: grapevine pruning waste compound substrate tomato rhizosphere substrate quality and yield |
