| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析吴起楸子不同嫁接高度对‘秦脆 ’苹果生理特性的影响 ，筛选出最佳嫁接高度 ，为‘秦脆 ’苹果的优质高效栽培提供理论支撑。【方法】以田间种植的脱毒吴起楸子组培苗（砧木）和脱毒‘秦脆’接穗为材料，分别设置8个不同梯度的嫁接高度处理（砧木地上部 10，20，30，40，50，60，70，80 cm），培育成2年生大苗后定植于大田，测定‘秦脆’苹果的树干直径、萌芽率、叶片特征和光合参数、新梢长度与粗度以及枝类组成，比较不同嫁接高度对‘秦脆’树体生理特性以及叶片光合效率的影响。【结 果】当嫁接高度在10和50 cm时，树干直径均较高；当嫁接高度为30-50 cm时，萌芽率明显高于其他处理；当嫁接高度为50 cm时，百叶厚度、百叶鲜质量、叶片面积和叶绿素相对含量均最大。净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度在嫁接高度为50和60 cm时均较高，胞间CO2较低。当嫁接高度为80 cm时，新梢长度最大，新梢粗度最小 ；当嫁接高度为50 cm时，新梢长度最小，新梢粗度最大。枝类组成在嫁接高度为10和50 cm时表现较好。【结论】吴起楸子不同高度嫁接对‘秦脆’苹果生理特性均有明显影响，最佳嫁接高度为50 cm。 |
| 关键词: 秦脆’苹果 吴起楸子 嫁接高度 树干直径 生理特性 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 10. 014 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省两链融合重点专项“延安山地苹果优良砧木和砧穗组合研究与示范”（2023LLRH-01）；国家苹果产业技术体系延安综合试验站项目（CARS-27） |
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| Effects of grafting height on physiological characteristics of ‘Qincui’apple grafted onto Malus prunifolia ‘Wuqi’ |
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YANG Ruyi, HU Yue, JIAN Yuyu, ZOU Yangjun
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College of Horticulture，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of different grafting heights on the physiological characteristics of‘Qincui’apple grafted onto Malus prunifolia ‘Wuqi’rootstocks，and identify the optimal grafting height，to provide theoretical support for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of‘Qincui’apple.【Method】Using virus-free tissue-cultured seedlings of Malus prunifolia ‘Wuqi’ rootstocks and virus-free ‘Qincui’apple scions as materials，eight different grafting height treatments（10，20，30，40，50，60，70，and 80 cm above ground on the rootstock）were established.After cultivating them into two-year-old nursery trees，they were transplanted into the field.Measurements were taken on trunk diameter，bud burst rate，leaf characteristics，photosynthetic parameters，shoot length and diameter，and branch type composition of the‘Qincui’apple trees. The effects of different grafting heights on the physiological traits and leaf photosynthetic efficiency of ‘Qincui’trees were compared.【Result】The trunk diameter was relatively large at grafting heights of 10 cm and 50 cm. The bud burst rate was significantly higher in the 30-50 cm grafting height range compared with other treatments. At 50 cm，the leaf thickness per 100 leaves，fresh weight per 100 leaves，leaf area，and relative chlorophyll content all reached their maximum. The net photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate，and stomatal conductance were higher at grafting heights of 50 cm and 60 cm，while the intercellular CO2 concentration was lower.Shoot length was greatest at 80 cm but its diameter was the smallest. Conversely，shoot length was the smallest and the shoot diameter was the largest at 50 cm.Branch-type composition was optimal at grafting heights of 10 cm and 50 cm.【Conclusion】 This study demonstrated that grafting height on Malus prunifolia ‘Wuqi’rootstocks significantly affected the physiological traits of‘Qincui’apple trees，and 50 cm was identified as the optimal height. |
| Key words: ‘Qincui’apple Malus prunifolia ‘Wuqi’ grafting height trunk diameter physiological trait |
