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| 烤烟油分对增加有机钾比例的响应 |
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姜宛慧1, 张松林1, 杨启航2, 林声旭1, 张家升2, 张同琢2, 王玉帅3, 李明雷2, 王智润2, 李淮源4, 邓世媛1
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1.华南农业大学 农学院，广东 广州 510642;2.广东中烟工业有限责任公司，广东 广州 510610;3.湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司桂阳县分公司，湖南 桂阳 424499;4.华南农业大学 基础实验与实践训练中心，广东 广州 510642
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究有机钾在提升烤烟油分中的作用，为烤烟生产上通过有机钾的施用提升烟叶油分提供理论参考和依据。【方法】以云烟87为供试材料，在大田试验条件下，设置对照（CK，有机无机钾质量比0∶10）、T1（有机无机钾质量比1∶9）、T2（有机无机钾质量比2∶8）、T3（有机无机钾质量比3∶7）处理，测定烟叶腺毛密度（长柄腺毛、短柄腺毛、保护毛）、腺毛分泌物（西柏烷类 、蔗糖酯类）含量 、腺毛相关基因表达量 、脂类代谢酶（脂肪酸合成酶 、脂氧合酶、脂肪酶和磷脂酸磷酸酯酶）活性及相关代谢产物（三酰甘油、丙酮酸、游离脂肪酸、石油醚提取物）含量、烟叶柔软度和油分。【结果】增加有机钾比例显著提高了烤烟腺毛密度及腺毛分泌物中西柏烷类物质和蔗糖酯类物质含量，其中提升幅度最大的为T1，其总腺毛密度及长柄腺毛、短柄腺毛和保护毛密度分别较CK提高了81.48%，86.31%，67.07%和68.77%，长柄腺毛占比提升了3%；腺毛分泌物中，T1、T2、T3处理的西柏烷类物质含量分别比CK增加29.20%，22.78%和11.56%，蔗糖酯类物质分别比CK提高了27.66%，3.75%和13.24%。增加有机钾比例提高了烤烟生育中后期的脂类代谢关键酶活性，其中T1的脂肪酸合成酶、脂氧合酶、脂肪酶和磷脂酸磷酸酯酶活性在成熟期分别较CK提高了18.11%，46.96%，72.29%和18.09%；提高了成熟期烟叶中脂类代谢相关产物含量，其中游离脂肪酸、三酰甘油和石油醚提取物含量均以T1最高，分别比CK显著增加79.32%，46.46%和26.47%，增强了烤烟脂类代谢强度。增加有机钾处理的柔软度较CK显著降低52.71%，39.88%和28.42%，油分则提高了16.67%，11. 17%和8.33%。与CK相比，T1促进了烤烟腺毛正调控基因NtWo、NtCTTC及西柏烷化合物合成基因CYP71D16的表达。【结论】增加有机钾比例可以显著增加烤烟叶面的长柄腺毛、短柄腺毛、保护毛密度，显著增加腺毛分泌物中西柏烷类和蔗糖酯类物质含量，增强脂类代谢强度，当有机钾和无机钾质量比为1∶9时，能够提高腺毛正调控基因NtWo、NtCTTC及西柏烷二萜合成基因CYP71D16的表达量，最终提高烤烟油分。 |
| 关键词: 烤烟 油分 有机钾 腺毛 脂类代谢 烟叶 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 10. 009 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技计划项目（2023440000340020，2024440000340017） |
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| Response of oil content in flue⁃cured tobacco to increasing the proportion of organic potassium |
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JIANG Wanhui1, ZHANG Songlin1, YANG Qihang2, LIN Shengxu1, ZHANG Jiasheng2, ZHANG Tongzhuo2, WANG Yushuai3, LI Minglei2, WANG Zhirun2, LI Huaiyuan4, DENG Shiyuan1
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1.College of Agriculture，South China Agricultural University，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510642，China;2.Guangdong China Tobacco Industrial Co. ，Ltd. ，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510610，China;3.Chenzhou Company Guiyang Branch of Hunan Tobacco Company，Guiyang，Hunan 424499，China;4.Basic Experimental and Practical Training Center，South China Agricultural University，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510642，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aims to explore the role of organic potassium in enhancing the oil content of flue-cured tobacco，providing a theoretical basis for improving the oil content of tobacco leaves through the application of organic potassium in flue-cured tobacco production.【Method】Using Yunyan 87 as the test material under field conditions，the following treatments were established：control（CK，organic-inorganic potassium ratio 0∶10），T1（organic-inorganic potassium ratio 1∶9），T2（organic-inorganic potassium ratio 2∶8），and T3（organic-inorganic potassium ratio 3∶7）. Subsequently，various parameters were measured，including：the density of glandular trichome in tobacco leaves （long glandular trichome，short glandular trichome，non-glandular trichome），the content of glandular trichome secretions（cembranoid diterpene，sucrose esters），the expression levels of glandular trichome-related genes，the activities of lipid metabolic enzymes（fatty acid synthetase，lipoxygenase，lipase and phospholipate phosphatase），the contents of related metabolites（triacylglycerol，pyruvic acid，free fatty acids，petroleum ether extract），and tobacco leaves softness and oil content.【Result】Increasing the proportion of organic potassium significantly enhanced the glandular trichome density of flue-cured tobacco and the contents of cembranoid diterpenes and sucrose esters in the glandular trichome secretions. Among them，T1 showed the greatest increase，with its total glandular trichome density，and the densities of long stalk，short stalk and non-glandular trichomes increasing by 81.48%，86.31%，67.07%，and 68.77%，respectively，compared to CK.The proportion of long stalk glandular trichomes also increased by 3%. Among the glandular trichome secretions，the contents of cembranoid diterpenes in the T1，T2，and T3 treatments increased by 29.20%，22.78%，and 11.56%，respectively，compared to CK，while the contents of sucrose esters increased by 27.66%，3.75%，and 13.24%，respectively. The increase in organic potassium propotion enhanced the activi?ties of key lipid metabolism enzymes in the middle and late growth stages of flue-cured tobacco. Among them，the activities of fatty acid synthase，lipoxygenase，lipase，and phospholipate phosphatase in the T1 treatment increased by 18.11%，46.96%，72.29%，and 18.09%，respectively，compared to CK at the mature stage. Con?
currently，it increased the contents of lipid metabolism-related products in mature tobacco leaves. The contents of free fatty acids，triglycerides and petroleum ether extracts were all the highest in T1，showing significant increases of by 79.32%，46.46%，and 26.47%，respectively，compared to CK，indicating enhanced lipid metabo?lism intensity. The softness of leaves treated with increased organic potassium decreased significantly by 52.71%，39.88% and 28.42%，compared to CK，while the oil content increased by 16.67%，11.17%，and 8.33%. Compared to CK，T1 promoted the expression of the flue-cured glandular trichome positive regulatory genes NtWo，NtCTTC，and cembranoid diterpene synthesis gene CYP71D16.【Conclusion】Increasing the proportion of organic potassium significantly increased the densities of long stalk，short stalk，and non-glandular trichomes on the surface of flue-curing tobacco leaves，and the contents of cembranoid diterpenes and sucrose esters in the glandular trichome secretions. It also enhanced lipid metabolism intensity. At an organic-to-inorganic potassium mass ratio of 1∶9，the treatment also increased the expression of positive regulatory genes NtWo，NtCTTC glandular trichome，and the cyperane diterpene synthesis gene CYP71D16，ultimately enhancing the oil content of flue-cured tobacco. Among all treatments，T1 showed the best performance. |
| Key words: flue-cured tobacco oil content organic potassium glandular trichome lipid metabolism tobacco leaves |
