| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究深松耕作对土壤理化性质、棉花根系形态特征及产量的影响，筛选适宜的深松深度，为新疆膜下滴灌棉田深松耕作技术的优化提供理论依据。【方法】2019-2020年，在新疆阿瓦提县棉花科研示范基地开展试验，以新陆中54号为材料，设置不深松（CK）、深松30 cm（S30）、深松40 cm（S40）、深松50 cm（S50）4个处理，研究不同深松耕作处理对土壤体积质量、含水率、含盐量、养分含量及棉花根系形态指标、地上部干物质积累量以及产量的影响。【结果】2019-2020年，与CK相比，S30、S40、S50处理对土壤理化性质有明显影响，其中S40处理能明显降低0-60 cm土层的土壤体积质量和含盐量，提高土壤含水率和有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。2019-2020年，S40和S50处理棉花根长、根表面积和根体积较CK显著增加，其中S40处理的增幅最大。各深松耕作处理棉花的根直径均低于CK，但总体与CK差异不显著。2019-2020年，在现蕾期，各处理间棉花地上部干物质积累量无显著差异 ；在花铃期和吐絮期，S40处理棉花地上部干物质积累量明显高于其他处理。2019和2020年，S40处理棉花有效铃数、衣分、籽棉产量均明显高于其他处理，分别较CK增加了9.5%，10.5%，16.2%和8.1%，8.8%，13.5%。【结论】不同深松耕作对土壤理化性质、棉花根系形态特征及产量有明显影响，最佳深松深度以40 cm为宜。 |
| 关键词: 深松耕作 土壤理化性质 棉花 根系形态 棉花产量 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 10. 008 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1900105）；国家棉花产业技术体系项目（CARS-15-12）；国家自然科学基金项目（31860358） |
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| Effects of subsoiling tillage on soil physicochemical properties，cotton root morphology，and yield |
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YUSUFUJIANG Nilupaier1,2,3, HU Fang4, WANG Jing4, WANG Liang2, GUO Rensong2, TANG Qiuxiang1
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1.Silk Road Economic Belt Cotton High-quality and Efficient Collaborative Innovation Centre，Engineering Research Centre of Cotton，Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830052，China;2.Cotton Research Institute，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Cotton，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830091，China;3.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Extension Station，Urumqi，
Xinjiang 830000，China;4.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Extension Station，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830000，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of subsoiling tillage on soil physicochemical properties，cotton root morphology and yield，and identify the optimal subsoiling depth，to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing subsoiling practices in cotton fields under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang.【Method】A field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at the Cotton Research and Demonstration Base in Awati County，Xinjiang，using cotton cultivar‘Xinluzhong 54’. Four treatments were applied：no subsoiling（CK），and subsoiling to depths of 30 cm（S30），40 cm（S40），and 50 cm（S50）. The study examined the effects of different subsoiling treatments on soil bulk density，moisture content，salt content，nutrient content，as well as cotton root morphological indicators，aboveground dry matter accumulation，and yield.【Result】From 2019 to 2020，compared with CK，the S30，S40，and S50 treatments significantly influenced soil physicochemical properties. The S40 treatment notably reduced soil bulk density and salt content in the 0-60 cm layer，while increa-sing soil moisture content and the contents of organic matter，available nitrogen，available phosphorus，and avail
able potassium. During 2019-2020，the S40 and S50 treatments significantly increased cotton root length，root surface area，and root volume compared with CK，with the S40 treatment showing the greatest increase. Root diameter under all subsoiling treatments was lower than that under CK，but the differences were generally not significant. At the squaring stage in both years，there was no significant difference in aboveground dry matter accumulation among treatments. In contrast，at the flowering-boll and boll-opening stages，the S40 treatment exhibited significantly higher aboveground dry matter accumulation than other treatments. In 2019 and 2020，the S40 treatment also produced significantly higher numbers of effective bolls，lint percentage，and seed cotton yield compared with other treatments，with increases of 9.5%，10.5%，16.2% in 2019 and 8.1%，8.8%，13.5% in 2020 over CK，respectively.【Conclusion】Different subsoiling depths have significant effects on soil physico?chemical properties，cotton root morphology，and yield. A subsoiling depth of 40 cm is recommended as the optimal practice. |
| Key words: subsoiling tillage soil physicochemical properties cotton root morphology yield of cotton |
