| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨盐氮交互作用下温室大棚白菜光合生理的响应特征，为温室盐渍土白菜高效施肥管理决策及提高白菜产量提供理论依据。【方法】采用温室盆栽试验，设置土壤含盐量（NaCl）和施氮量（N）2个因素，含盐量和施氮量分别设置4个水平，即S0（0 g/kg，非盐）、S1（2 g/kg，低盐）、S2（4 g/kg，中盐）、S3（5 g/kg，高盐）和N0（0 g/kg，无氮）、N1（0.05 g/kg，低氮）、N2（0.10 g/kg，中氮）、N3（0.15 g/kg，高氮），通过双因素交互试验设计，分析16组盐氮交互作用组合对白菜光合生理特性、叶绿素荧光特性参数、土壤理化性质及单株产量的影响。【结果】施氮可以显著提高土壤全氮和有机质含量，尤其是在高盐胁迫下，施氮处理显著促进了土壤有机质的积累，其中高盐高氮（S3N3）处理的土壤有机质含量为21.15 g/kg，较S3N0处理显著提高了51.3%。土壤全氮含量在S0N3下达到最高，为1.14 g/kg，较S0N0处理增加了32.6%。在低盐胁迫下，适量施氮能显著提高土壤中的硝态氮和铵态氮含量，而在高盐胁迫下，土壤中硝态氮的积累更为明显。S1N1处理白菜的净光合速率最高，为 14.21 μmol/（m2·s），较S1N0处理显著提高19.20%。 高盐高氮（S3N3）处理则显著抑制了温室白菜的光合作用，其净光合速率降至最低值，为3.52 μmol/（m2·s）。低中盐胁迫条件下，随施氮量增加白菜叶片净光合速率的下降主要表现为气孔限制；高盐胁迫处理下，随施氮量增加净光合速率的下降表现为非气孔限制。盐胁迫增强了白菜光系统Ⅱ反应中心的损伤，最大光化学效率在S3N3处理下降至0.43，显示出对光合作用的极度抑制，低盐胁迫和适宜施氮量对白菜叶片的光合结构有激发促进作用，中盐或高盐胁迫下各荧光参数值均有所降低，说明中盐、高盐胁迫下白菜 PSⅡ光系统遭到破坏。白菜单株产量随盐胁迫的增强和施氮量增大呈先升后降趋势，S1N1、S1N2和S2N2处理单株产量显著增加，分别较S0N0处理提高了432.24%，357.36%和376.75%，但高盐胁迫下，过量施用氮肥会导致白菜产量显著下降，S3N3处理白菜的单株产量仅为76.90 g。【结论】在土壤低盐胁迫（2 g/kg NaCl）条件下，低氮（0. 05 g/kg N）策略是实现盐碱土温室白菜节肥高产的最优选择。 |
| 关键词: 白菜 盐胁迫 温室 光合特性 施肥策略 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 10. 010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目子课题“设施果菜类蔬菜温光水肥环境综合智能调控关键技术研发与示范”（2024YFD2300704） |
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| Responses of photosynthetic physiology and yield of Chinese cabbage to salt and nitrogen interaction under greenhouse conditions |
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ZHOU Mingu1, DONG Qinge2, REN Shixiong2, ZHANG Hongji2
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1.Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Area of China（IWSA），Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100,China;2.College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study aims to explore the responses of photosynthetic physiology of greenhouse-grown Chinese cabbage to salt-nitrogen interaction，thus providing a theoretical basis for optimizing fertil?ization management and enhancing yield in greenhouse saline soils.【Method】A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted，adopting a two-factor design of soil salinity（NaCl）and nitrogen（N）application rate. Each factor was set at four levels，namely S0（0 g/kg，no salt），S1（2 g/kg，low salt），S2（4 g/kg，medium salt），and S3 （5 g/kg，high salt）for salinity；and N0（0 g/kg，no nitrogen），N1（0. 05 g/kg，low nitrogen），N2（0. 10 g/kg，medium nitrogen），and N3（0. 15 g/kg，high nitrogen）for nitrogen. The effects of 16 groups of salt-nitrogen in?teraction on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，soil physico?chemical properties，and yield per plant of Chinese cabbage were analyzed by the two factor interaction design.【Result】Nitrogen application significantly increased soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents. This effect was particularly pronounced under high salt stress，where nitrogen application significantly promoted soil organic matter accumulation. The soil organic matter content in the S3N3 treatment was 21.15 g/kg，which was 51.3% higher than that in the S3N0 treatment. The soil total nitrogen content reached the highest at S0N3，measuring
1.14 g/kg，which represented a 32. 6% increase compared with S0N0. Under low salt stress，moderate nitrogen application significantly increased soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents，whereas high salt stress led to more pronounced accumulation of nitrate nitrogen. The net photosynthetic rate peaked at 14.21 μmol/（m2·s）in the S1N1 treatment，which was 19.20% higher than that in S1N0 treatment. In contrast，the high salt stress and high nitrogen（S3N3）treatment significantly inhibited photosynthesis，resulting in the lowest net photosynthetic rate of 3.52 μmol/（m2·s）. The decrease of in net photosynthetic rate with increasing nitrogen under low to medium salt stress was mainly due to stomatal limitation，while it shifted to non-stomatal limitation under high salt stress. Salt stress enhanced the damage of photosystem Ⅱ reaction centers of Chinese cabbage. The maximum photochemical efficiency decreased to 0.43 in S3N3 treatment，indicating the extreme inhibition of photosynthesis. While low salt stress combined with appropriate nitrogen stimulated the photosynthetic structure，all chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased under medium or high salt stress，indicating that the photosystem of Chinese cabbage was damaged under medium salt and high salt stress. The yield per plant of Chinese cabbage increased first and then decreased with increasing salt stress and nitrogen application. The yield per plant of S1N1，
S1N2 and S2N2 treatments increased significantly by 432.24%，357.36% and 376.75% compared with S0S0，respectively. However，under high salt stress，excessive nitrogen application significantly reduced the yield of Chinese cabbage，with the S3N3 treatment yielding only 76.90 g per plant.【Conclusion】Under low soil salinity stress（2 g/kg NaCl），a low nitrogen application（0.05 g/kg N）strategy is the optimal choice for achieving high yield and fertilizer use efficiency in greenhouse Chinese cabbage cultivation in saline-alkali soils. |
| Key words: Chinese cabbage salt stress greenhouse photosynthetic characteristics fertilization strategy |
