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| 稻油秸秆还田的固碳效应及对水稻产量的影响 |
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徐明月1,2, 闫宁3, 杨静1,2, 宋子涵1,2, 肖海1,2, 任兰天1,2, 王小华1,2
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1.安徽科技工程大学 农学院，安徽 凤阳 233100;2.安徽省作物智慧种植与加工技术工程研究中心，安徽 凤阳 233100;3.安徽科技工程大学 动物科学学院，安徽 凤阳 233100
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究稻油秸秆不同还田方式和还田量对土壤的固碳效应及水稻产量的影响，为提出更适合在稻油轮作区作物高产、超高产趋势下推广使用的秸秆还田方式提供理论支撑。【方法】通过两年田间试验，在稻油两种秸秆还田下，设置两种还田方式（秸秆集中掩埋还田（B）、秸秆粉碎旋耕还田（R））和两种还田量（全量秸秆还田（W）、两倍量秸秆还田（T））以及不还田的对照组（CK），共计 5 个处理，分析稻油秸秆不同还田方式和还田量下土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳和碳库管理指数及水稻产量的变化特征。【结果】与秸秆不还田的CK相比，在水稻秸秆还田条件下，两倍量秸秆粉碎旋耕（TR）处理显著提高了2023年水稻季0~30 cm土层的土壤总有机碳含量，0~20 cm 土层土壤活性有机碳含量以及0~20 cm土层土壤碳库管理指数（P<0.05）；两倍量秸秆集中掩埋（TB）处理显著提高了2024年水稻季0~30 cm土层的土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳以及土壤碳库管理指数（P<0.05）。在油菜秸秆还田条件下，TR处理显著提高了2023年水稻季0~10 cm土层的土壤总有机碳含量，0~30 cm土层土壤活性有机碳含量以及土壤碳库管理指数（P<0. 05）；TB处理显著提高了2024年水稻季0~30 cm土层的土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳以及土壤碳库管理指数（P<0.05）。在实收产量方面，2023年秸秆全量粉碎旋耕（WR）处理相比CK显著增产了13. 41%；2024年两倍量秸秆集中掩埋（TB）处理相比CK显著增产了13. 68%，且相同处理下，TB处理第二年产量相比第一年增加更大，增幅为16.68%。同时，稻油秸秆还田下土壤不同土层间碳库指标两两之间均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系。【结论】秸秆粉碎旋耕还田方式在秸秆还田一年内的效果较好 ，但秸秆集中掩埋处理在秸秆腐解一年后对土壤碳库和作物产量的影响更为显著，以两倍量表现突出，且表现出一定的还田后效。因此两倍量秸秆集中掩埋处理可在淮河及长江流域水稻高产、超高产背景下的稻油轮作区推广与应用。 |
| 关键词: 稻油轮作 秸秆还田 固碳效应 土壤总有机碳 土壤活性有机碳 水稻产量 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 10. 007 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:安徽省教育厅重点项目（2022AH051629）；安徽科技学院引进人才项目（NXYJ202002）；安徽科技学院作物学重点建设学科建设经费项目（XK-XJGF001）；安徽高校协同创新项目（GXXT-2023-102) |
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| Effects of rice and rapeseed straw return on carbon sequestration and rice yield |
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XU Mingyue1,2, YAN Ning3, YANG Jing1,2, SONG Zihan1,2, XIAO Hai1,2, REN Lantian1,2, WANG Xiaohua1,2
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1.College of Agriculture，Anhui Science and Technology University，Fengyang，Anhui 233100，China;2.Anhui Engineering Research Center for Crop Intelligent Planting and Processing Technology，Fengyang，Anhui 233100，China;3.College of Animal Science，Anhui Science and Technology University，Fengyang，Anhui 233100，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】By investigating the effects of different methods and application rates of rice-rapeseed straw return on soil carbon sequestration and rice yield，this study provides theoretical support for identifying preferable straw return practices in rice-rapeseed rotation areas under the trend towards high and ultra-high crop yields.【Method】A two-year field experiment was conducted with a total of five treatments under rice-oil?seed rape straw incorporation scenarios. The treatments included two return methods（centralized burial return（B）and shredded rotary tillage return（R））and two return rates（full straw return（W）and double-rate straw incorporation（T）），alongside a no-incorporation control（CK）. The variations in soil total organic carbon，active organic carbon，carbon pool management indices，and rice yield under different straw incorporation methods and rates were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the CK treatment，the double-rate straw shredded rotary tillage（TR）treatment significantly increased total organic carbon content in the 0-30 cm soil layer in 2023，and active organic carbon content and the carbon pool management index in the 0-20 cm soil layer（P<0.05）.In 2024，the double-rate straw centralized burial（TB）treatment significantly increased the soil total organic carbon，active organic carbon，and soil carbon pool management index in the 0-30 cm soil layer（P<0.05）.Under rapeseed straw incorporation，the TR treatment in 2023 significantly increased the total soil organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm soil layer，and the active soil organic carbon content and the soil carbon pool management index in the 0-30 cm soil layer（P<0.05）.The TB treatment in 2024 significantly increased the soil total organic carbon，active organic carbon，and soil carbon pool management index in the 0-30 cm soil layer（P<0.05）.In terms of actual yield，the full-volume shredded rotary tillage treatment（WR）in 2023 yielded 13. 41% higher than CK. In 2024，the TB treatment yielded 13. 68% higher than CK. Notably，under TB treatment，the
yield increase from the first to the second year was 16.68%. Futhermore，under straw incorporation，all carbon pool indicators were significantly positively correlated across different soil layers.【Conclusion】Straw incorpora?tion via shredding and rotary tillage yielded favorable results in the first year of straw return. In contrast，the centralized burial treatment，especially with a double amount of straw，demonstrated more pronounced effects on the soil carbon pool and crop yield in the subsequent year，indicating a certain delayed effect following incorporation.Therefore，the double-rate straw concentrated burial treatment is recommended for promotion in rice-rapeseed rotation areas within the Huai River and Yangtze River basins，where high and ultra-high rice yields are achieved. |
| Key words: rice-rapeseed rotation straw return to fields carbon sequestration effect soil total organic car⁃bon soil active organic carbon rice yield |
