| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】通过主成分分析法和熵权法，综合评价氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷果实品质的提升效果，为枇杷优质高效栽培提供参考。【 方法】以3年生‘大五星’枇杷为材料，以叶面喷施清水为对照（CK），研究叶面喷施250，350，450和550倍氨基酸水溶肥稀释液（依次记为A250、A350、A450和A550）对枇杷果实外观品质、风味品质和营养品质的影响。【 结果】与CK相比，叶面喷施氨基酸水溶肥能显著提高枇杷果实的单果质量、纵径、横径和果形指数，其中250~550倍氨基酸水溶肥稀释液使枇杷果实的单果质量、横径和纵径分别较CK显著提高了3.83%~12.40%，16.28%~21.11%和21.39%~24.67%。与CK相比，不同稀释倍数氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷果实色差均无显著影响。与CK相比，叶面喷施氨基酸水溶肥提高了枇杷果实可溶性糖、维生素C、类胡萝卜素、总酚和总黄酮含量，其中250~550倍 氨基酸水溶肥稀释液处理下，枇杷果实的可溶性糖、总酚和总黄酮含量分别较CK显著增加了40.72%~69.23%，21.33%~44.02%和27.86%~47.50%；350~450倍氨基酸水溶肥稀释液处理下，枇杷果实的维生素C和类胡萝卜素含量分别较CK显著增加29.62%~53.84%和13.96%~21.42%。利用主成分分析和熵权法综合评价氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷果实品质的提升效果，二者评价结果一致，均为A350>A450>A250>A550>CK。表明叶面喷施350倍氨基酸水溶肥稀释液对枇杷果实品质的提升效果最好。【 结论】氨基酸水溶肥能明显提高枇杷果实的外观品质，改善其风味品质，并增加其营养物质含量，且以350倍氨基酸水溶肥稀释液对枇杷果实品质的提升效果最好。 |
| 关键词: 枇杷栽培 氨基酸水溶肥 果实品质 主成分分析法 熵权法 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 05. 004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:四川省科技支撑计划“十四五”育种攻关项目（2021YFYZ0023-07）；国家现代化农业产业技术体系四川水果创新团队项目（SCCXTD-2024-04） |
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| Effects of amino acid water⁃soluble fertilizer on loquat fruit quality |
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LUO Ya, PENG Xuemei, WANG Xiaoli, KONG Xiaomei, LUO Xian, LIN Lijin, ZHANG Huifen, DENG Qunxian
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College of Horticulture，Sichuan Agricultural University，Chengdu，Sichuan 611130，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】Based on principal component analysis（ PCA） and the entropy weight method，this study comprehensively evaluated the impact of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the loquat fruit quality，to provide a reference for the efficient cultivation of high-quality loquat.【Method】Using 3-year-old‘ Dawuxing’ loquat as the experimental material and foliar spraying with distilled water as the control（ CK），this research investigated the effects of foliar spraying of diluted amino acid water soluble fertilizers（ 250，350，450，550 times diluted，recorded as A250，A350，A450 and A550 in that order） on the appearance quality，flavor quality and nutritional quality of loquat fruit.【Result】Compared with CK，foliar spraying of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer could increase fruit weight，horizontal diameter，vertical diameter and fruit shape index. Compared with CK，the application of 250-550 times diluted amino acid water-soluble fertilizer increased the fruit weight by 3.83%-12.40%，the horizontal diameter by 16.28%-21.11%，and the vertical diameter by 21.39%-24.67%. Compared with CK，amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at different dilution ratios had no significant effect on the color difference of loquat fruits. Compared with CK，the contents of soluble sugar，vitamin C，carotenoid，total phenol and total flavone in loquat fruits were increased after foliar spraying of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer. The contents of soluble sugar，total phenol and total flavone in loquat fruits were increased significantly by 40.72%-69.23%，21.33%-44.02% and 27.86%-47.50%，respectively，after treatment with 250-550 times diluted amino acid water-soluble fertilizer. Vitamin C and carotenoids in loquat fruits were significantly increased by 29.62%-53.84% and 13.96%-21.42% with 350-450 times diluted amino acid water-soluble fertilizer. PCA and entropy weight method were used to comprehensively evaluate the effect of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the loquat fruits quality，and the same result was obtained：A350>A450>A250>A550>CK，indicating that foliar spra-ying of 350 times diluted amino acid water-soluble fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of loquat fruit quality.【Conclusion】Amino acid water soluble fertilizer can improve the appearance quality，flavor quality and nutrient content of loquat fruit，and 350 times diluted amino acid water-soluble fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of loquat fruit quality. |
| Key words: loquat cultivation amino acid water-soluble fertilizer fruit quality principal component analysis entropy weight method |
