| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探究线粒体内膜的丙酮酸转运体（MPC）基因家族在茶树生长发育及胁迫响应中的功能。【 方法】在全基因组范围内鉴定了5个茶树品种的CsMPC基因家族，并构建了进化树。利用MEGA解析其保守基序特征，采用ProtParam、ProtScale等软件分析CsMPC蛋白的理化性质，使用TMHMM、Robetta预测CsMPC蛋白的跨膜结构和三级结构。以茶树舒茶早为材料，克隆获得3条CsMPC基因，通过瞬时转化体系结合PRE-PROTEIN在线预测，解析CsMPC蛋白的亚细胞定位。使用TeaAS官网进行可变剪接分析，结合转录组数据探讨CsMPC基因的表达模式。以龙井43为试验材料，在低温、干旱和盐胁迫条件下，通过实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）验证了CsMPC基因的表达响应。【 结果】鉴定出3个茶树CsMPCs基因家族成员，其分别属于MPC1、MPC2和MPC3 3个亚群。不同茶树品种CsMPC保守基序及序列相似性存在差异，CsMPC1与CsMPC2和CsMPC3的序列相似性分别最高可达31%和34%。CsMPC编码的蛋白长度为93~131个氨基酸，具有亲/疏水性特点，并在部分茶树品种中具有跨膜结构特征；三级结构预测结果显示，不同品种茶树的CsMPC蛋白在结构上存在显著差异，推测CsMPC蛋白以异二聚体形式发挥转运功能。CsMPC蛋白的线粒体定位进一步支持其作为丙酮酸转运体在细胞代谢中的作用。CsMPC基因受到低温、干旱、盐等胁迫时通过可变剪接类型和组织表达量变化响应胁迫。RT-qPCR 结果表明，CsMPC基因的表达模式与转录组数据高度一致。【 结论】不同茶树品种具有3个可以调节丙酮酸转运并响应胁迫的CsMPC基因，可用于进一步探究茶树MPC基因的功能和调控机制。 |
| 关键词: 茶树 MPC基因家族 全基因组鉴定 胁迫表达 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j.cnki. jnwafu. 2026. 05. 003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西藏自治区科技厅重点研发计划项目（XZ202401ZY0019） |
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| Identification of the CsMPC gene family and analysis of expression under stress in tea plants |
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LI Xiaofei1, ZHOU Wenfei2, TANG Lei1, YAO Xinhua3, BIAN Jibaji3, CHEN Hexin3, GONG Chunmei1
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1.College of Horticulture，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China;2.College of Life Sciences，Northwest A&F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China;3.Linzhi Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center，Linzhi，Xizang 860100，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aims to investigate the functional roles of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier（ MPC） gene family in tea plant growth，development，and stress responses.【Method】The CsMPC gene family of five tea tree cultivars was identified on a whole-genome scale，and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.ProtParam and ProtScale were used to analyze the physicochemical properties of CsMPC proteins，and MEGA was used to examine their conserved motifs. TMHMM and Robetta were used to predict the transmembrane domains and tertiary structures of CsMPC proteins. Three CsMPC genes were cloned from the‘ Shuchazao’ cultivar，and their subcellular localization was analyzed through a transient transformation system combined with PRE-PROTEIN online prediction. Alternative splicing analysis was performed by using TeaAS，and expression patterns of CsMPC genes were explored based on transcriptomic data. The expression responses of CsMPC genes to low temperature，drought，and salt stresses were validated through quantitative PCR（ RT-qPCR） with the‘ Longjing 43’ cultivar as the experimental material.【Result】Three CsMPC gene family members were identified in tea trees，belonging to three distinct subgroups：MPC1，MPC2 and MPC3. Sequence similarity and conserved motifs of CsMPC genes varied across tea cultivars，with CsMPC1 showing the highest sequence similarity of 31% to CsMPC2 and 34% to CsMPC3. The proteins encoded by CsMPC ranged from 93 to 131 amino acids in length，exhibiting hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics and transmembrane features in certain cultivars. Tertiary structure prediction revealed significant structural differences among CsMPC proteins from different cultivars，suggesting that CsMPC proteins function as transporters in the form of heterodimers. Mitochondrial localization of CsMPC proteins further supported their role as pyruvate transporters in cellular metabolism.Under stresses including low temperature，drought，and salinity，CsMPC genes responded via alterations in splicing events and tissue-specific expression levels. Real-time quantitative PCR results confirmed that the expression patterns of CsMPC genes aligned closely with transcriptomic data.【Conclusion】Three CsMPC genes capable of regulating pyruvate transport and responding to stress were identified in different tea cultivars，offering insights for further exploration of the function and regulatory mechanisms of CsMPC genes in tea plants. |
| Key words: tea tree MPC gene family whole-genome identification stress-responsive expression |
