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| 基于ILP标记的50份云南山茶品种遗传多样性分析 |
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李德琴1, 冯健2, 张顺荣1,3, 常书奎1, 尹世华1, 黄晓霞1, 俎峰3, 程小毛1
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1.西南林业大学 园林园艺学院，云南 昆明 650224;2.镇沅彝族哈尼族拉祜族自治县林业科技推广中心，云南 普洱 666599;3.云南省草本油料遗传改良重点实验室，云南省农业科学院 经济作物研究所，云南 昆明 650205
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| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】分析50份云南山茶品种种质的遗传多样性，为山茶种质资源的创新利用和育种进程提供科学依据。【 方法】利用筛选出的25对多态性引物，对50份云南山茶品种进行分子标记试验，系统分析了其遗传多样性、亲缘关系、群体结构及主成分。【 结果】云南山茶品种共检测到112个等位基因，等位基因数为3~7个，平均为4. 48个；有效等位基因数平均为2. 44个，观测杂合度（Ho）和期望杂合度（He）的平均值分别为0.72和0.55。Shannon信息指数（I）和Nei基因多样性指数（H）的平均值分别为0.99和0.55，表明云南山茶品种具有较高的遗传多样性。引物的多态信息含量（PIC）平均值为0.52，其中14对引物的PIC值大于0.5，表明这些引物能够有效反映遗传多样性。基于NTSYSpc-2. 1计算的遗传距离显示，50份云南山茶品种的遗传相似系数为0.61~0.92，其中‘香妃’和‘凤山茶’遗传相似度最高，而‘大玛瑙’和‘桃红袍’遗传相似度最低。通过Structure软件分析，50个云南山茶品种在ΔK=2时可分为两组，其中一组包含46个品种。主成分分析进一步表明，50个品种在遗传关系上高度相似，且基本聚在一起。【 结论】选用的25对引物能很好地反映云南山茶品种种质的遗传多样性（PIC>0. 5）；50份云南山茶品种种质群体间高度相似，遗传关系极为紧密。 |
| 关键词: 云南山茶品种 ILP分子标记 群体结构 遗传多样性 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 05. 005 |
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| 基金项目:云南省兴滇英才支持计划项目（YNWR-QNBJ-2019-280）；云南省农业联合专项面上基金项目（202101BD070001-041）；云南省创新人才培养对象项目（202305AD160025）；云南省种子种业联合实验室项目（20205AR070001） |
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| Genetic diversity analysis of 50 Camellia reticulata varieties based on ILP markers |
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LI Deqin1, FENG Jian2, ZHANG Shunrong1,3, CHANG Shukui1, YIN Shihua1, HUANG Xiaoxia1, ZU Feng3, CHENG Xiaomao1
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1.College of Gardening and Horticulture，Southwest Forestry University，Kunming，Yunnan 650224，China;2.Forestry Science and Technology Extension Centre of Zhenyuan Yihani Lahu Autonomous County，Pu’er，Yunnan 666599，China;3.Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Herbaceous Oilseeds of Yunnan Province，Economic Crops Research Institute，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Kunming，Yunnan 650205，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】By analyzing the genetic diversity of germplasm from 50 Camellia reticulata varieties，this study aims to provide a scientific basis for the innovative use of camellia germplasm resources and the advancement of breeding process.【Method】Molecular marker tests were conducted on 50 Camellia reticulata varieties using 25 pairs of screened polymorphic primers，and their genetic diversity，kinship，population structure and principal components were systematically analyzed.【Result】A total of 112 alleles were detected in Camellia reticulata varieties，with the number of alleles ranging from 3 to 7 and averaging 4. 48. The number of effective alleles averaged 2.44，and the mean values of observed heterozygosity（Ho） and expected heterozygosity （He） were 0.72 and 0.55，respectively. The mean values of Shannon polymorphism index（I） and Nei genetic diversity index（H） were 0.99 and 0.55，respectively，indicating high genetic diversity in Camellia reticulata varieties. The average polymorphic information content PIC） of the primers was 0.52，with 14 pairs of primers having PIC values greater than 0.5，indicating that these primers can effectively reflect genetic diversity. Genetic distances calculated based on NTSYSpc-2.1 showed genetic similarity coefficients of the 50 varieties ranged from 0.61 to 0.92，with‘ Xiangfei’ and‘ Fengshancha’ having the highest genetic similarity，and‘ Damanao’ and‘ Taohongpao’ having the lowest genetic similarity. Based on analysis using Structure software，the 50 Camellia reticulata varieties could be divided into two groups at ΔK=2，with one group containing 46 varieties.Principal component analysis further revealed that the 50 varieties were highly similar in genetic relationship and basically clustered together.【Conclusion】The 25 selected primer pairs can effectively reflect the genetic diversity of Camellia reticulata germplasm（PIC>0. 5）. High genetic similarity was observed among the 50 Camellia reticulata germplasm，with exceptionally close genetic relationships. |
| Key words: Camellia reticulata varieties ILP molecular markers population structure genetic diversity |
