| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨不同耐贮性板栗坚果在各发育期果皮及种皮的发育特征与种间差异，明确不同品种板栗坚果耐贮性差异的原因，为板栗耐贮种质资源评价、筛选和科学贮藏提供参考。【方法】以耐贮性较好的‘燕山早丰’‘泰栗1号’和耐贮性较差的‘荔波早栗’板栗坚果为试验材料，采用石蜡切片法观察果实胚乳吸收期、幼果期、膨大期和成熟期果皮及种皮的发育特征，并比较不同品种间的差异。【结果】① 各品种栗果在胚乳吸收期果皮总厚度较小，角质层厚度较大，中果皮层和内果皮层薄壁细胞层数多，形态较小且排列紧密；种皮尚未形成。此时，‘燕山早丰’和‘泰栗1号’果皮总厚度及角质层厚度显著大于‘荔波早栗’。② 幼果期果皮总厚度增至最大，角质层厚度变化规律性差，亚表皮细胞纵向伸长，完全转变为栅栏组织层；中果皮层和内果皮层的薄壁细胞体积显著增大，厚度增加；种皮开始出现。‘荔波早栗’的角质层厚度增加，表皮细胞排列紧密，而‘燕山早丰’和‘泰栗1号’的角质层厚度减小，表皮细胞形态及大小不规则。③ 膨大期果皮总厚度显著减小，变化较大的中果皮层和内果皮层薄壁细胞层数减少、细胞体积变小、厚度下降；种皮结构较紧密。但就品种而言，‘荔波早栗’的角质层厚度减小，而‘燕山早丰’和‘泰栗1号’的角质层厚度却增加；三者的种皮厚度变化较小。④ 成熟期果皮总厚度减至最小，角质层厚度增加，表皮细胞排列紧密，中果皮层和内果皮层薄壁细胞间隙变小，厚度降低；种皮厚度有所变化。就品种而言，‘荔波早栗’果皮总厚度最大，但中、内果皮层薄壁细胞间存在间隙；而‘燕山早丰’和‘泰栗1号’的中、内果皮层薄壁细胞排列非常紧密，无明显间隙；栗果成熟期时‘燕山早丰’和‘泰栗1号’种皮厚度降至最低，但‘荔波早栗’种皮厚度却较膨大期小幅增加。【结论】耐贮性较好的‘燕山早丰’和‘泰栗1号’坚果果皮角质层厚，各层细胞排列紧密，无明显细胞间隙；而耐贮性较差的‘荔波早栗’果皮角质层薄，各层存在明显的细胞间隙，结构致密性较差；种皮结构与板栗坚果的耐贮性可能无直接关联。 |
| 关键词: 板栗 果皮发育 种皮发育 解剖结构 耐贮性 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.09.005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2200400)；林业和草原科技成果国家级推广项目（2020133118） |
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| Observation on the anatomical structure of chestnut nut pericarp and seed coat development |
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LAI Hairong, GUO Sujuan
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State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the differences in the anatomical characteristics of the pericarp and seed coat of chestnuts with different storability at different developmental stages,and clarified the reasons for the differences in storage stability of different varieties of chestnut,in order to provide references for the evaluation,selection,and scientific storage of chestnut germplasm resources with good storage potential.【Method】Chestnut varieties with differing storage capabilities were used in this study.Among them,‘Yanshanzaofeng’ and ‘Taili 1’ showed better storability,and‘Libozaoli’ showed poorer storability.Pericarp and seed coat development were observed at various stages:the endosperm absorption stage(S1), young fruit stage(S2),expansion stage(S3), and maturity stage(S4).Paraffin sectioning was used to compare the differences among these varieties.【Result】① During the endosperm absorption stage of various chestnut varieties,the total thickness of the pericarp was relatively low,and the thickness of the cuticle layer was relatively high.The mesocarp and endocarp had many layers of thin-walled cell that were small in size and tightly arranged.The seed coat had not yet formed.The total pericarp thickness and cuticle thickness of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ and ‘Taili 1’ was significantly higher than those of ‘Libozaoli’.② During the young fruit stage,the total thickness of the pericarp reached its maximum.The thickness of the cuticle layers changed with little regularity.The subepidermal cells elongated longitudinally and completely transformed into a palisade tissue layer.The parenchyma cells of the mesocarp and endocarp were significantly enlarged in volume and thickness.Additionally,the seed coat began to appear.Specifically,the cuticle thickness of ‘Libozaoli’ increased,and the epidermal cells were arranged tightly.And the cuticle thickness of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ and ‘Taili 1’ decreased,and the epidermal cells showed irregularity in their shape and size.③During the expansion stage,the total pericarp thickness significantly decreased.Irregular changes were observed in the thickness of the cuticle layer.Epidermal cells were tightly arranged.The thin-walled cell layers of mesocarp and endocarp reduced in number,cell volume,and thickness,and became more tightly arranged.The seed coat structure was comparably compact.In terms of varieties,the cuticle thickness of ‘Libozaoli’ decreased,while that of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ and ‘Taili 1’ increased. ‘Libozaoli’ seed coat thickness showed no significant changes.The seed coat thickness of the three varieties changed slightly.④ During the maturity period,the total pericarp thickness decreased to its lowest.The cuticle layer thickness increased.Epidermal cells were uniformly shaped and tightly arranged.The volume and spacing of the thin-walled cells of mesocarp and endocarp reduced,and their thickness decreased.During this period,the seed coat thickness changed.In terms of variety,the total pericarp thickness of ‘Libozaoli’ was the highest,but there were gaps between the thin-walled cells in the mesocarp and endocarp layers.And the thin-walled cells of the mesocarp and endocarp layers of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ and ‘Tali 1’ were arranged very closely,with no obvious gaps.During the mature stage,the seed coat thickness of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ and ‘Taili 1’ decreased to the minimum,but the seed coat thickness of ‘Libozaoli’ increased slightly compared with the expansion stage.【Conclusion】The varieties of ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ and ‘Taili 1’,which have good storage resistance,have thick cuticles,tightly arranged cells in each layer,and no obvious intercellular spaces.On the other hand,the ‘Libozaoli’ variety,which has poor storage resistance,has a thin cuticle layer,with obvious intercellular spaces between the layers and poor structural density.Seed coat structure may not be directly related to the storage stability of chestnut nuts. |
| Key words: chestnut pericarp development seed coat development anatomical structure storability |
