| 摘要: |
| 【目的】高油酸油菜具有较高的营养和经济价值，相关种质资源较少，创制出可稳定遗传的高油酸甘蓝型油菜新种质，为高油酸品种培育及提升油菜经济价值奠定基础。【方法】采用具有高油酸性状的材料GYS为父本，与春油菜材料18PM218配制杂交组合，F1代通过小孢子培养技术与常规育种技术相结合创制出一批甘蓝型油菜DH系新种质,利用近红外光谱分析仪对其DH系脂肪酸成分进行分析，并对油酸含量高于75%的材料进行BnaFAD2基因检测鉴定。【结果】利用亲本杂交，F1代通过小孢子培养技术进行材料创制，共获得油菜DH系材料2 465份，其中纯合高油酸DH植株279株（油酸含量≥75%），油酸含量≥84%的材料24份。与对照相比，高油酸DH群体的油酸含量均值提升13个百分点。高油酸DH植株（油酸含量≥75%）的BnaFAD2基因测序验证结果表明，与对照相比，BnaFAD2-A05基因序列在第421碱基位点处发生C/T碱基替换，氨基酸序列由组氨酸（His）突变为络氨酸（Tyr）；BnaFAD2-C05-基因序列在第1 073碱基位点处发生G/A碱基替换，氨基酸序列由精氨酸（Arg）突变为赖氨酸（Lys）。【结论】利用小孢子培养技术可提高育种效率，较快速获得大量纯合的高油酸油菜新种质，可以加快推进高油酸油菜品种培育。 |
| 关键词: 甘蓝型油菜 高油酸油菜 小孢子培养 BnaFAD2基因 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.08.004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目“高油酸油菜种质资源快速创制及新品种培育”（2022NY-157）；陕西省科协青年人才托举计划项目“油菜高油酸种质资源的分子创制”（NYKJ202230） |
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| Creation of new germplasm of high oleic acid rapeseed by microspore culture technology |
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AN Ran, JIA Qingli, HUANG Shuhua, ZHANG Zhongxin, WEI Shihao, ZHU Yantao, MU Jianxin, ZHANG Yanfeng
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Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】High oleic acid rapeseed shows high nutritional and economic value,but there are relatively few related germplasm resources.The creation of a stable and heritable high oleic acid rapeseed germplasm lays the foundation for the cultivation of high oleic acid varieties and the enhancement of rapeseed economic value.【Method】A hybrid combination of GYS,a material with high oleic acid properties,and 18PM218,a spring rapeseed material,was used as the male parent.A batch of DH germplasm of Brassica napus was created by combining microspore culture technology with conventional breeding techniques in the F1 generation.The fatty acid composition of the DH germplasm was analyzed using a near-infrared spectroscopy analyzer,and the BnaFAD2 gene was detected and identified for materials with oleic acid content higher than 75%.【Result】With parental hybridization,microspore culture technology was used for material creation in F1 generation,and a total of 2 465 rapeseed DH line materials were obtained,including 279 homozygous high oleic acid DH plants (oleic acid content ≥75%),of which 24 materials had oleic acid content ≥84%.Compared with the control group,the average oleic acid content of the high oleic acid DH population was increased by 13 percentage points.The sequencing verification results of BnaFAD2 gene in high oleic acid DH plants (oleic acid content ≥75%) showed that compared with the control,a C/T base substitution at the 421st base position was observed in the BnaFAD2-A05 gene sequence,and the amino acid sequence changed from Histidine to Tyrosine.A G/A base substitution at position 1 073 was observed in the BnaFAD2-C05 gene,resulting in a mutation of the amino acid sequence from Arginine to Lysine.【Conclusion】The use of microspore culture technology can improve breeding efficiency,quickly obtain a large number of homozygous high oleic acid rapeseed new germplasm,and accelerate the cultivation of high oleic acid rapeseed varieties. |
| Key words: Brassica napus L. high oleic rapeseed microspore culture technique BnaFAD2 gene |
