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| 旱地水稻产量和土壤质量对水肥耦合的响应研究 |
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畅翔1, 脱云飞1, 王澍2, 黎建强1, 施蕊3, 王振兴2, 谭豪1, 向萍4, 何霞红2
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1.西南林业大学 水土保持学院,云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室,云南 昆明 650224;2.西南林业大学 云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室,云南 昆明 650224;3.西南林业大学 云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室,林学院,云南 昆明 650224;4.西南林业大学 云南省林下资源保护与利用重点实验室,生态与环境学院，云南 昆明 650224
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同水肥耦合处理对旱地水稻产量和土壤质量的影响，筛选出最佳水肥耦合模式，为云南旱地水稻可持续生产和土壤质量提升提供理论参考。【方法】在云南省普洱市澜沧县竹塘乡蒿枝坝村，以“滇禾优615”旱地水稻为研究对象，采用完全随机区组设计，设置灌水量（W）和有机肥施用量（F）2个因素，其中灌水量（W）设置3个水平，分别为W1（200 m3/hm2）、W2（300 m3/hm2）和W3（400 m3/hm2），有机肥施用量设置4个水平，分别为F1（400 kg/hm2）、F2（600 kg/hm2）、F3（800 kg/hm2）和F4（1 000 kg/hm2），进行完全组合设计，12个处理，另设置1个对照（CK，灌水量为150 m3/hm2、不施肥），共计13个处理，测定不同处理旱地水稻的产量及其构成因素和土壤理化性质（体积质量（BD）、黏粒、粉粒、砂粒、pH、含水率（SWC）、有机质（SOM）、NH+4-N、NO－3-N、有效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）、微生物生物量碳（MBC）和微生物生物量氮（MBN））。从13个土壤理化性质指标构成的总数据集中，采用主成分分析筛选出进入最小数据集的指标，采用最小数据集中的指标计算土壤质量指数，对不同处理的土壤质量进行评价。采用偏最小二乘法路径模型探究水肥耦合处理对旱地水稻产量和土壤质量影响的潜在机制。【结果】①与CK相比，不同水肥耦合处理显著提高旱地水稻千粒质量、穗粒数和产量（P＜0.05），其中W2F3处理产量最高，W1F1处理产量最低。②与CK相比，除了pH及NH+4-N、黏粒、粉粒和砂粒含量外，不同水肥耦合处理提高了土壤SWC、BD、NO－3-N、AP、AK、SOM、MBC和MBN含量。以SWC、NH+4-N、NO－3-N、AP、AK、SOM、MBC和MBN等8个指标构建最小数据集对不同处理的土壤质量进行了评价，结果显示，不同水肥耦合处理的土壤质量指数差异显著（P＜0.05），且均显著高于CK，其中W3F3、W3F2、W2F3、W3F4和W2F4处理的土壤质量指数均较高，MBC和AP是影响土壤质量的主要因子。③水肥耦合处理显著或极显著正向调控旱地水稻产量、产量构成因素和土壤质量指数，土壤质量指数和产量构成因素对产量具有显著影响。④土壤质量指数与旱地水稻产量的一元线性回归分析呈显著正相关，W2F3处理旱地水稻产量最高，土壤质量相对较高。【结论】不同水肥耦合模式显著提高了旱地水稻产量和土壤质量，其中W2F3处理能协同提升土壤质量与旱地水稻产量，为最佳水肥耦合模式。 |
| 关键词: 水肥耦合 旱地水稻 产量 土壤质量 偏最小二乘法 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.08.003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:云南省重大科技专项“旱地水稻种业创新与示范”（202402AE090026） |
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| Response of dryland rice yield and soil quality to water-fertilizer coupling |
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CHANG Xiang1, TUO Yunfei1, WANG Shu2, LI Jianqiang1, SHI Rui3, WANG Zhenxing2, TAN Hao1, XIANG Ping4, HE Xiahong2
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1.College of Soil and Water Conservation，Key Laboratory of In-forest Resource Protection and Utilization in Yunnan Province，Southwest Forestry University，Kunming，Yunnan 650224，China;2.Key Laboratory of Inforest Resource Protection and Utilization in Yunnan Province，Southwest Forestry University，Kunming，Yunnan 650224，China;3.Key Laboratory of Inforest Resource Protection and Utilization in Yunnan Province，College of Forestry，Southwest Forestry University，Kunming，Yunnan 650224，China;4.Key Laboratory of Inforest Resource Protection and Utilization in Yunnan Province，College of Ecology and Environment，Southwest Forestry University，Kunming，Yunnan 650224，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research was designed to explore the impact of different water-fertilizer coupling treatments on dryland rice yield and soil quality，to screen out the optimum water-fertilizer coupling mode，thus providing a reference for sustainable development of dryland rice and improvement of soil quality in Yunnan Province.【Method】This research，conducted at Haozhiba Village，Zhutang Town，Lancang County，Pu’er City，Yunnan Province，focused on the dryland rice variety“Dianheyou 615”and featured a completely randomized block design，with considerations given to two factors including irrigation amount（W）and organic fertilizer application rate（F）.Irrigation amount（W）covered three levels including W1（200 m3/hm2），W2（300 m3/hm2）and W3（400 m3/hm2），and organic fertilizer application rate（F）covered four levels including F1（400 kg/hm2），F2（600 kg/hm2），F3（800 kg/hm2）and F4（1 000 kg/hm2）.They were completely combined to form 12 treatments，and with the control （CK，irrigation amount of 150 m3/hm2，without fertilizer）added,a total of 13 treatments were set.The dryland rice yield and its component factors as well as the physical and chemical properties of soil（volume mass（BD），clay，silt，sand，pH，soil water content（SWC），organic matter（SOM），NH+4-N，NO－3-N，available phosphorus（AP），rapidly available potassium（AK），microbial biomass carbon (MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen（MBN））under different treatments were determined.From the total data set consisting of 13 physical and chemical property indicators of soil，the indicators included in minimum data set was identified with principal component analysis，and the indicators included in minimum data set were adopted to calculate the soil quality index to evaluate soil quality under different treatments.The partial least squares path module was used to explore the underlying mechanism which governed the impact of water-fertilizer coupling treatments on dryland rice yield and soil quality.【Result】① Compared to CK，different water-fertilizer coupling treatments significantly increased the 1 000-grain mass of dryland rice，the number of grains per panicle and yield of dryland rice（P＜0.05）.The content under the treatment W2F3 was highest，while that under the treatment W1F1 was lowest.② Compared to CK，except pH,NH+4-N，clay，silt，sand content，different water-fertilizer coupling treatments increased the content of SWC，BD，NO－3-N，AP，AK，SOM，MBC and MBN in soil.Eight indicators including SWC，NH+4-N，NO－3-N，AP，AK，SOM，MBC and MBN were adopted to establish minimum data set for evaluating soil quality under different treatments.The results showed that the soil quality index under different water-fertilizer coupling treatments was significantly different（P＜0.05），and was significantly higher than CK.The soil quality index under the treatments W3F3，W3F2，W2F3，W3F4 and W2F4 was relatively high.MBC and AP were main factors which affected soil quality.③ Water-fertilizer coupling treatments enabled significant or extremely significant positive regulation and control of dryland rice yield，yield component factors and soil quality index,and soil quality index and yield component factors exerted a significant impact on yield.④ Unitary linear recursive analysis of soil quality index and dryland rice yield showed significant positive correlation,with dryland rice yield under the treatment W2F3 the highest，and soil quality under such treatment relatively high.【Conclusion】Different water-fertilizer coupling modes significantly enhanced dryland rice yield and soil quality.The treatment W2F3 synergistically boosted soil quality and dryland rice yield,representing the optimum water-fertilizer coupling mode. |
| Key words: water-fertilizer coupling dryland rice yield soil quality partial least squares method |
