| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确不同种植方式对再生稻产量、生育期和温光资源利用的影响，为再生稻种植模式的选择提供理论指导。【方法】以甬优2640为试验材料，设置人工移栽、机械移栽和直播3种种植方式，研究了再生稻生育期和产量的变化规律，并分析了不同生育阶段温光资源利用状况。【结果】再生稻头季产量表现为直播>人工移栽>机械移栽，其中直播和人工移栽差异不显著，但均显著高于机械移栽；再生季产量直播和机械移栽均较人工移栽显著提高。在产量构成方面，头季和再生季有效穗数均表现为机械移栽和直播较人工移栽显著增加，而穗粒数和千粒质量均表现为机械移栽和直播较人工移栽降低。头季全生育期机械移栽和直播较人工移栽分别缩短了4和14 d，主要差异时期为播种－齐穗期，与播种期推迟有关；再生季全生育期人工移栽和机械移栽相同，直播较二者均缩短了5 d。头季机械移栽和直播的日均温度均高于人工移栽，而有效积温、光合有效辐射均低于人工移栽；再生季机械移栽的日均温度、有效积温和光合有效辐射与人工移栽相当，直播明显减少。从温光利用效率来看，头季有效积温生产效率、光合有效辐射生产效率和热量利用率均表现为直播最高，人工移栽次之，机械移栽最低；再生季表现为直播最高，机械移栽次之，人工移栽最低。【结论】再生稻3种种植方式下,直播的有效穗数多、总产量最高、温光资源利用效率高，说明选用分蘖能力中等的再生稻品种结合直播可作为轻简高效栽培模式应用于生产中。 |
| 关键词: 种植方式 再生稻 水稻产量 温光资源 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.02.004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0100105）；福建省科技计划项目：省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项（2021R10-23002） |
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| Effect of crop establishment method on yield,growth duration and utilization of light and heat resources of ratooning rice |
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XIE Zhenxing, ZHU Yebao, SHI Longqing, DONG Meng, ZHANG Junian, LIAN Ling, WU Chunzhu, JIANG Zhaowei
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Rice Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350018,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the impacts of different crop establishment methods on the yield,growth duration,and utilization of heat and light resources of ratooning rice,providing theoretical guidance for the selection of optimal planting patterns for ratooning rice cultivation.【Method】Using ‘Yongyou 2640’ as the experimental material,field experiments were conducted under three crop establishment methods:artificial transplanting(AT),machine transplanting(MT),and direct seedling(DS).The patterns of variation in growth duration and yield of ratooning rice were investigated,along with an evaluation of the utilization of heat and light resources across different growth stages,aiming to provide theoretical support for ratooning rice production practices.【Result】The results showed that the yield of main-crop rice followed the ranking order of DS>AT>MT,with no significant difference between DS and AT,but both were significantly higher than MT.In contrast,the yield of ratoon-crop rice was significantly increased by DS and MT compared to AT.In terms of yield composition factors,the effective panicle number in main-crop and ratoon-crop rice was significantly increased by DS and MT compared to AT,while spike number and 1 000-grain weight were decreased.During the growth period of the main-crop season,MT and DS were shortened by 4 days and 14 days respectively compared to AT.This difference mainly occurred from the seeding to heading stage due to delayed sowing.Conversely,during the growth period of ratoon-crop rice,there was no significant difference between AT and MT,while DS was shortened by 5 days.The average daily air temperature during the main-crop season for both MT and DS was higher than that for AT.However,their effective accumulated temperature and total photosynthetic active radiation were lower than those for AT.For the ratoon-crop season,average daily air temperature,effective accumulated temperature,total photosynthetic active radiation remained similar between MT and AT while there was a significant reduction in these factors for DS.The sequences of effective accumulated temperature production efficiency,photosynthetic active radiation production efficiency,and heat utilization efficiency were DS>AT>MT for the main-crop,and DS>MT>AT for the ratoon-crop,respectively.【Conclusion】 These findings indicated that crop establishment method of DS achieved higher annual yield due to more panicles and greater light and heat resources efficiency,suggesting that DS can be adopted in combination with varieties that had lower tillering ability for a convenient and efficient ratooning rice cultivation mode in production. |
| Key words: crop establishment method ratooning rice yield of rice light and heat resource |
