| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究油橄榄砧木品种‘田园1号’对其与‘阿波桑娜’嫁接后的嫁接树叶片和果实形态及生理性状的影响，探讨‘田园1号’嫁接‘阿波桑娜’在生产应用上的可行性，为该砧木及其砧穗组合的栽培与应用推广提供理论依据。【方法】以油橄榄品种‘田园1号’‘阿波桑娜’及其嫁接树为试材，对叶片与果实形态、叶片解剖结构、叶片光合色素和营养元素含量以及果实脂肪酸含量进行测定分析，并进行性状方差分析、多重比较和相关性分析。【结果】与‘阿波桑娜’扦插树比较，嫁接树叶片形状和纵向弯曲度及果实和果核的形状、对称性、最大横截面位置等性状无明显变化，叶片的长、宽、面积、周长也与‘阿波桑娜’扦插树无显著差异，但果实和果核的纵径、横径、质量等显著减小。嫁接树的叶片厚度和栅栏组织厚度较‘阿波桑娜’扦插树显著减小，但海绵组织厚度和栅海比无显著变化。嫁接树叶片总叶绿素和叶绿素a含量较‘阿波桑娜’扦插树显著增加，而叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量和叶绿素a/叶绿素b无显著变化。与‘阿波桑娜’扦插树相比，嫁接树叶片中N、Ca、Mg、Mn含量显著增加，K、Zn含量显著减少，P、Cu、B含量无显著变化。从‘阿波桑娜’扦插树及其嫁接树的果实中共检测出12种脂肪酸，其中含量较高的前5种为油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、棕榈油酸和亚麻酸，这5种脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量以及UFA/SFA、MUFA/PUFA在两种树间均无显著差异。相关性分析结果表明，叶绿素b含量与N、Ca、Mn含量呈显著正相关，叶绿素a和b含量与Zn含量呈极显著负相关；果实主要脂肪酸含量与叶片光合色素和营养元素含量间相关性均不显著。【结论】砧木‘田园1号’嫁接‘阿波桑娜’增加了嫁接树叶片叶绿素和N、Ca、Mg、Mn含量，促进了嫁接树生长结实，且对叶片和果实形态、果实脂肪酸组成和含量未产生显著负面影响，可以在生产中应用推广。 |
| 关键词: 油橄榄 嫁接组合 砧木 叶片解剖结构 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1000602）；中国林业科学研究院中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（CAFYBB2017ZA004-5）；中国林业科学研究院林业研究所林木培育重点实验室专项（ZDRIF201702） |
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| Effects of olive rootstock ‘Tianyuan 1’ on morphological and physiological characters of leaves and fruits of ‘Arbosana’ grafted tree |
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JI Xinyue,WANG Zhaoshan,LI Jinhua,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the morphological and physiological characters of leaves and fruits of olive cultivar ‘Arbosana’ grafted onto the rootstock cultivar ‘Tianyuan 1’ to explore the feasibility and provide theoretical evidence for their cultivation and popularization.【Method】Olive cultivars of ‘Arbosana’ and ‘Tianyuan 1’ and their grafted trees ‘Arbosana’/‘Tianyuan 1’ were selected for the determination of leaf and fruit morphology,leaf anatomical structure,photosynthetic content,nutrient elements content,and fruit fatty acids content.The variance analysis,multiple comparison,and correlation analysis were also performed on these indexes.【Result】Compared with the cutting trees of ‘Arbosana’,the shape and longitudinal curvature of leaf,shape,symmetry and maximum cross section position of fruit and stone had no significant difference in grafted trees ‘Arbosana’/‘Tianyuan 1’.The length,width,area and perimeter of leaf were not significantly different,while the length,width and weight of fruit and stone were significantly reduced.The leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness of grafted trees decreased significantly,but the sponge tissue thickness and palisade spongy ratio had no significant difference.The contents of total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a in leaves of grafted trees increased significantly,while the contents of chlorophyll b,carotenoid and chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b had no significant changes between grafted trees and the cuttings.Compared with the cuttings, the contents of N,Ca,Mg and Mn in leaves of grafted trees increased significantly,the contents of K and Zn decreased significantly,while the contents of P,Cu and B had no significant changes.A total of 12 fatty acids were detected from the fruits of cuttings and grafted trees of ‘Arbosana’,and the 5 with high content were oleic acid,palmitic acid,linoleic acid,palmitoleic acid and linolenic acid.There were no significant differences among contents of these 5 fatty acids,saturated fatty acids (SFA),unsaturated fatty acids (UFA),monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA),polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),UFA/SFA and MUFA/PUFA between the cuttings and the grafted trees.The correlation analysis showed that the content of chlorophyll b was significantly positively correlated with N,Ca and Mn in leaves, while the contents of chlorophyll a and b were significantly negatively correlated with Zn.There was no significant correlation between the contents of main fatty acids in fruit and photosynthetic pigment and nutrient elements in leaves.【Conclusion】Rootstock ‘Tianyuan 1’ grafted with ‘Arbosana’ increased the contents of chlorophyll and N,Ca,Mg and Mn in leaves,promoted the growth and fruiting of grafted trees,and had no significant negative effects on morphology of leaf and fruit as well as composition and content of fatty acids in fruit.Thus,this method can be applied and popularized in production. |
| Key words: olive graft combination rootstock leaf anatomical structure |
