| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究秸秆还田条件下施锌对春玉米产量及锌素吸收分配的影响，为锌肥的合理利用及肥料配施提供理论依据。【方法】采用双因素裂区设计，主区为秸秆不还田（S0）和秸秆还田量12 000 kg/hm2（S1）2个水平，副区为不施锌(Z0)和施纯Zn 40 kg/hm2（Z4）2个水平，形成CK（不施肥）、S0Z0（无秸秆+无锌肥）、S0Z4（无秸秆+锌肥）、S1Z0（秸秆+无锌肥）、S1Z4（秸秆+锌肥）5个处理，通过田间试验的方式，研究秸秆还田条件下施锌对春玉米产量、干物质积累及锌素累积和分配的影响。【结果】无秸秆还田条件下，施锌S0Z4处理春玉米产量比不施锌S0Z0处理提高14.06%；秸秆还田条件下，施锌处理S1Z4较不施锌处理S1Z0增产17.3%，秸秆配合施锌处理S1Z4的产量达到最高（11 809 kg/hm2）。无秸秆还田情况下，施锌S0Z4处理春玉米的干物质积累量比不施锌S0Z0处理提高11.51%；秸秆还田条件下，施锌S1Z4处理干物质积累量较不施锌处理S1Z0提高14.06%，秸秆配合施锌处理S1Z4的干物质积累量最高（22 077 kg/hm2）；各处理中籽粒质量占总干物质积累量的52.41%~57.56%。无秸秆还田情况下，施锌处理S0Z4春玉米的锌素累积量比不施锌处理S0Z0提高18.32%；秸秆还田条件下，施锌处理S1Z4锌素累积量较不施锌处理S1Z0提高23.4%;秸秆配合施锌处理S1Z4的锌素累积量最高（519.43 g/hm2），各处理中籽粒含锌量占总锌素累积量的68.5%~72.8%。无秸秆还田情况下，施锌处理S0Z4锌素转运量比不施锌处理S0Z0增加了11.82%；秸秆还田条件下，施锌处理S1Z4锌素转运量较不施锌处理S1Z0提高21.91%;秸秆配合施锌处理S1Z4的锌素转运量最高（232.17 g/hm2）。【结论】施用锌肥显著提高了春玉米的产量和干物质积累量，并促进了植株对锌素的吸收和向籽粒的分配；秸秆还田配合施锌进一步提高了锌肥的增产效果，及植株对锌素的吸收和向籽粒的分配。 |
| 关键词: 春玉米 秸秆还田 干物质积累 锌肥 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0300604） |
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| Effects of zinc application under straw returning on yield and zinc absorption and distribution of spring maize |
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MENG Xiangqi,WANG Yiding,CAO Guojun,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of zinc application with under straw returning on yield and zinc absorption and distribution of spring maize to provide basis for reasonable application of zinc.【Method】The two-factor split zone design was adopted with two levels of straw returning S0 (0 kg/hm2) and S1 (12 000 kg/hm2) in main zone and 2 levels of zinc application Z0 (0 kg/hm2) and Z4 (pure Zn,40 kg/hm2) in the secondary zone.There were a total of 5 treatments including CK (no fertilization),S0Z0 (no straw+no zinc fertilizer),S0Z4 (no straw+zinc fertilizer),S1Z0 (straw+no zinc fertilizer) and S1Z4 (straw+zinc fertilizer).The effects of zinc application on yield,dry matter accumulation and zinc accumulation and distribution of spring maize under straw returning conditions were then studied by field experiment.【Result】Without straw returning,spring corn yield of S0Z4 treatment was 14.06% higher than that of S0Z0 treatment.With straw returning,zinc application increased yield by 17.3% with the highest (11 809 kg/hm2) yield in S1Z4.Without straw returning,dry matter accumulation of S0Z4 treatment was 11.51% higher than that of S0Z0 treatment. Without straw returning,dry matter accumulation was increased by 14.06% with the highest (22 077 kg/hm2) in S1Z4.Grain content accounted for 52.41%-57.56% of total dry matter accumulation.Without straw returning,zinc accumulation of S0Z4 treatment was 18.32% higher than that of S0Z0 treatment,while zinc accumulation was increased by 23.4% by zinc application with straw returning and S1Z4 had the highest value of 519.43 g/hm2.Grain content accounted for 68.5%-72.8% of total zinc accumulation.Without straw returning,zinc transport in S0Z4 treatment was 11.82% higher than in S0Z0 treatment.With straw returning,zinc transport was increased by 21.91% and S1Z4 had the highest value of 232.17 g/hm2.【Conclusion】The application of zinc fertilizer improved yield,dry matter weight and zinc uptake of spring maize as well as the distribution of zinc to grains.Straw returning combined with zinc application further improved yield,absorption of zinc and distribution to grain. |
| Key words: spring corn straw returning dry matter accumulation zinc fertilizer |
