| 摘要: |
| 【目的】设计一种大跨度非对称酿热温室（GH-F），探究其保温蓄热性能，为未来温室设计提供新思路和理论依据。【方法】GH-F依据传统日光温室采光保温原理设计，东西走向，南北非对称，跨度17.0 m，其南部10.0 m，北部7.0 m，北部底端内侧根据温室长度配置30.0 m×1.0 m×1.0 m的农业废弃物发酵酿热槽。以传统日光温室(GH-P)和大跨度双层内保温大棚(GH-D)为对照，采用理论分析的方法比较3种温室在最大采暖负荷（室内外温差20 ℃）下的散热量，通过试验测定3种温室冬季晴天光照强度日变化及冬季典型晴天、典型阴天、典型雪天条件下的保温蓄热性能，并对3种温室建造的投资成本与节地增产效益进行计算。【结果】根据温室热负荷静态模拟理论，在夜间室内外温差20 ℃条件下，GH-F、GH-D和GH P室内散热量分别为51.21，45.99，41.86 W/m2。GH-F的保温性能低于GH-D和GH-P，故建造酿热槽来弥补其保温蓄热性能的不足。实测结果表明，在2016-01-01-2016-01-31，酿热槽1月份平均温度高出室内气温24.7 ℃，可有效向外界释放热量。在冬季典型晴天条件下，GH-F、GH-D及GH P夜间平均气温和地温分别为7.9，5.0，8.0 ℃和12.0，10.4，10.7 ℃；典型阴天条件下，室内夜间平均气温和地温分别为8.7，5.8，7.3 ℃和11.3，9.1，10.9 ℃；典型雪天条件下，室内夜间平均气温和地温分别为8.9，6.5，7.1 ℃和11.6，9.8，9.3 ℃。GH F的日平均气温分别比GH D和GH-P高2.1～3.0和0.7～2.1 ℃；GH-F的日平均地温分别比GH-D和GH-P高1.4～2.0和0.5～2.2 ℃；在室外最低气温为－14.3 ℃的极端天气下，GH-F夜间最低气温为5.3 ℃，比GH-D和GH-P分别高出3.8和0.8 ℃。统计结果表明，GH-F实际建造成本为180.06元/m2，比GH-D及GH-P分别低59.97和170.02元/m2；与GH-P相比，GH-F土地利用率提高29.93%，番茄产量提高1.80 kg/m2。【结论】大跨度非对称酿热温室冬季温度、土地利用率和实际种植效益均优于传统日光温室，适合在黄河中下游及淮河流域类似气候条件的地区推广应用。 |
| 关键词: 酿热温室 蓄热保温 热环境分析 温室设计 |
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| 基金项目:国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目（CARS-23-C05）；陕西省重点研发项目（2017ZDXM-NY-003） |
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| Effect of large span asymmetric fermentation heat storage greenhouse on thermal environment,land saving and production increase |
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XIAO Jinxin,LI Jianming,WU Ying
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the heat storage and preservation performance of a large span asymmetric fermentation heat storage greenhouse (GH-F) to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for future greenhouse design in China.【Method】GH-F was designed based on the principle of solar greenhouse.The azimuth was east-west,and it was asymmetrical in north south direction with 10 m in south and 7 m in north.The north bottom inside was equipped with a 30.0 m×1.0 m×1.0 m agricultural waste fermentation pool according to the length of the greenhouse.The experiment was compared with Chinese solar greenhouse (GH-P) and a large span double layer internal heat preservation greenhouse (GH-D).The heat dissipation of the three greenhouses under the maximum heating load (temperature difference between indoor and outdoor was 20 ℃) was compared by theoretical analysis method.The diurnal variation of illumination intensity of the three greenhouses on sunny days in winter were determined.The thermal storage,heat preservation performance,cost of investment,and benefit of land saving and production increase under typical sunny,cloudy and snowy days in winter were also compared by experimental measurement method.【Result】Under the condition of 20 ℃ difference between indoor and outdoor at night,heat dissipating capacities of GH-F,GH-D and GH-P were 51.21,45.99 and 41.86 W/mm2,respectively.The thermal insulation performance of GH-F was less that as that of GH-D and GH-P,thus heat was needed to be supplemented by fermentation pool.The average temperature of the fermentation pool was 24.7 ℃,higher than the indoor temperature from January 01 to January 31,2016,which effectively released heat to the inside.The average night air temperatures of GH-F,GH-D and GH-P on a typical sunny day were 7.9，5.0 and 8.0 ℃ and ground temperatures were 12.0，10.4 and 10.7 ℃.The average night air temperatures of GH-F,GH-D and GH-P on a typical cloudy day were 8.7，5.8 and 7.3 ℃ and ground temperatures were 11.3，9.1 and 10.9 ℃.The average night air temperatures of GH-F,GH-D and GH-P were 8.9，6.5 and 7.1 ℃ and ground temperatures were 11.6，9.8 and 9.3 ℃ on a typical snowy day.During the whole experimental period,the average daily air temperature of GH F was 2.1-3.0 ℃ higher than that of GH-D and 0.7-2.1 ℃ higher than that of GH P.The average daily ground temperature of GH-F was 1.4-2.0 ℃ higher than that of GH D and 0.5-2.2 ℃ higher than that of GH-P.Under extreme outdoor temperature of -14.3 ℃,the lowest night temperature of GH-F was 5.4 ℃,which was 3.8 and 0.8 ℃ higher than that of GH-D and GH-P,respectively.The final benefit analysis showed that the construction cost of GH F was 180.06 yuan/m2,59.97 and 170.02 yuan/mm2 lower than GH-D and GH-F.GH-F increased land utilization rate by 29.93% and increased tomato yield by 1.80 kg/mm2 in comparison with GH-P.【Conclusion】The design of GH-F was reasonable with better temperature performance,land utilization rate and actual planting effect than GH-P.It is suitable for the popularization and application in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Huai River Basin. |
| Key words: fermentation heat storage greenhouses (GH-F) heat storage insulation fermented heat thermal environment analysis greenhouse design |
