| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究避雨栽培环境变化特征及其对早熟砂梨品质的影响，为早熟砂梨避雨栽培模式的运用提供科学依据。【方法】以早熟砂梨苏翠1号和翠冠为材料，进行避雨栽培，以露地栽培为对照，分析避雨栽培环境（温度、湿度、光照强度、土壤水分含量）的变化及其对砂梨果实糖酸含量、糖酸比、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、果皮硬度和单株产量的影响。【结果】2种栽培模式的温度与光照强度日变化曲线均呈峰形，峰值分别出现在午后13:00-14:00和10:00-14:00，湿度日变化趋势与温度相反，呈“V”型；避雨栽培环境下日平均温度和湿度均较露地栽培高，光照强度及土壤平均水分含量明显低于露地栽培。与露地栽培相比，避雨栽培下梨果实可溶性糖含量显著提高(P<0.05)，其中苏翠1号提高14.02%，翠冠提高23.77%；可溶性糖中的果糖、葡萄糖及山梨醇含量在避雨栽培下均较露地栽培显著提高(P<0.05)，其中苏翠1号分别提高24.32%，22.22%和30.77%，翠冠分别提高22.02%，26.73%和21.18%。2种模式果实的糖酸比和固酸比差异也较大，苏翠1号避雨栽培糖酸比、固酸比较露地栽培分别提高36.13%和19.33%，翠冠则分别提高47.19%和19.23%。避雨栽培果实可溶性固形物含量、果皮硬度及单株产量与露地栽培相比升高，但均无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】避雨栽培环境温湿度较露地栽培高且日变化和极差值大，光照强度及土壤平均含水量低，果实品质优。 |
| 关键词: 早熟砂梨 避雨栽培 栽培环境 果实品质 |
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| 基金项目:徐州市科技计划资助项目（KC18128）；江苏省苏北科技专项资金项目（SZ-XZ2017035）；江苏省农业科技自主创新项目（CX(16)1031）；江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目（PZCZ201726） |
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| Changes of rain shelter environment and the effects on fruit quality of early-maturing pear |
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LI Gangbo,FAN Jide,ZHAO Lin,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the environmental changes of rain-proof cultivation and the effect on quality of early-maturing sand pear to provide basis for the rain-proof cultivation of early-maturing sand pear.【Method】The early-maturing sand pear varieties “Sucui 1” and ‘Cuiguan’ were planted in rain proof cultivation environment with open-field cultivation as control.The changes of rain proof environment (temperature,humidity,light intensity and soil moisture content) and the effects on fruit sugar-acid content,sugar-acid ratio,soluble solids content,solid acid ratio,peel hardness and individual plant yield were compared and analyzed.【Result】The diurnal variations of temperature and light intensity of the two cultivation modes were peak-shaped with peaks at 13:00-14:00 p.m.and 10:00-14:00 p.m.,respectively.The diurnal variations of humidity and temperature showed a reverse trend of “V” shape.The daily average temperature and humidity in rain-sheltered cultivation environment were higher than those in open cultivation,and the light intensity and average soil moisture content were significantly lower than those in open cultivation.The differences in environmental factors caused greater impacts on the formation of pear fruit quality.The soluble sugar content of pear fruit increased significantly under rain shelter cultivation (P<0.05) with 14.02% in ‘Sucui 1’ and 23.77% in ‘Cuiguan’.Fructose,glucose and sorbitol contents in rain sheltered cultivation were significantly higher than those in open cultivation (P<0.05),those of ‘Sucui 1’ were increased by 24.32%,22.22% and 30.77%,and those of ‘Cuiguan’ were increased by 22.02%,26.73% and 21.18%,respectively.The sugar acid ratio and solid acid ratio of fruits under the two models also differed greatly.The sugar-acid ratio and solid acid ratio of rain shelter cultivation were increased by 36.13% and 19.33%,and those of ‘Cuiguan’ were increased by 47.19% and 19.23%,respectively.Soluble solids content,peel hardness and yield per plant were slightly higher in rain-shelter cultivation than in open cultivation without significant difference (P>0.05).【Conclusion】Rain-proof cultivation had higher temperature and humidity than open-field cultivation,greater diurnal variation and extreme difference,lower light intensity and soil average moisture content,as well as better fruit quality than open-field cultivation. |
| Key words: early m'aturing pear rain shelter cultivation cultivation environment fruit quality |
