| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究油松人工林土壤动物群落结构和多样性特征，为人工林土壤生态系统经营提供理论依据。【方法】采用陷阱法和Tullgren干漏斗法,于2015年5月、8月和10月分别收集地表和新鲜枯落物层（Oi层）、半分解枯落物层（Oe层）以及矿质土层（0～2 cm的矿质土壤表层（界面层）、2～5 cm和5～10 cm土层）的土壤动物。对收集到的土壤动物进行鉴定分类。【结果】2015年5月、8月、10月3次共收集土壤动物2 799只，隶属于6纲22目22科。3次收集的地表土壤动物共有优势类群为弹尾目、膜翅目和双翅目，地下中小型土壤动物优势类群为真螨目、寄螨目和弹尾目。5月地表土壤动物功能类群以植食类为主，8月主要为植食类和捕食类，10月各功能类群的个体密度差异不明显。3次调查的地下中小型土壤动物功能类群均以腐食类为主。不同采样时期中小型土壤动物类群数和个体密度的垂直变化规律不同，5月和8月Oi层的土壤动物类群数与Oe层无显著差异，但显著高于矿质土层，而10月各深度土壤动物的类群数差异不显著。就土壤动物个体密度的变化规律而言，5月Oi层个体密度显著高于Oe层和矿质土层，但在8月和10月的土壤动物个体密度Oe层最大，且显著高于Oi层和矿质土层。【结论】枯落物层的土壤动物类群数较矿质土层丰富；半分解枯落物层土壤动物个体密度较新鲜枯落物层高。在矿质土层，随土层深度的增加土壤动物个体密度呈减小趋势。 |
| 关键词: 油松 土壤动物 枯落物 陷阱法 群落多样性 北京八达岭 |
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| 基金项目:北京市财政专项（PXM2015-154309-000007，PXM2017-154309-000002） |
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| Community features of soil fauna in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Badaling,Beijing |
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WANG Ling,ZHAO Guangliang,YANG Yuguo,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the soil fauna community structure and diversity to provide basis for soil ecosystem management of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation.【Method】Samples of forest litter and soil were collected in May,August and October 2015 in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Badaling,Beijing.Aboveground soil fauna was collected through pitfall method,while underground soil mesofauna was collected by tullgren funnel in Oi,Oe and mineral soil with 0-2 cm (interface layer),2-5 cm and 5-10 cm depth,respectively.【Result】A total of 2 799 individuals of soil fauna were collected,belonging to 22 families,22 orders and 6 classes.The common aboveground predominant groups were Collembola,Hymenoptera and Diptera,whereas the common predominant groups of underground mesofauna were Acariformes,Parasiformes and Collembola.In May,the predominant functional guilds of aboveground soil fauna were herbivores,herbivores and predators in August,while the 4 functional guilds had no significant difference in October.The main functional guilds of underground mesofauna were saprophytes in all months.Vertical distribution pattern of mesofauna was different among different sampling times.In May and August,taxon amount in Oi had no significant difference with that in Oe,while it was significantly higher than that in mineral layers.In October,there was no significant difference among different depths.In May,the individual density was significantly higher in Oi than that in Oe.In August and October,the individual density in Oe was the largest and significantly higher than that in Oi and mineral layers.【Conclusion】Taxon amount in litter layers was more abundant than in mineral layers,and individual density in half decomposed litter layer was higher than that in fresh litter layer.In mineral layers,individual density decreased with the increase of soil depth. |
| Key words: Pinus tabulaeformis soil fauna forest litter pitfall method community diversity Badaling,Beijing |
