| 摘要: |
| 【目的】比较河北省迁西地区10个板栗品种叶片解剖结构及气孔特征，了解其水分适应机制，比较其抗旱性，为迁西地区筛选抗旱板栗品种（系）提供理论依据。【方法】以大板红(DBH)、燕龙(YL)、紫晶(ZJ)、迁西早红(QXZH)、燕山短枝(YSDZ)、燕山早丰(YSZF)、紫珀(ZP)、燕奎(YK)、迁西晚红(QXWH)、迁西壮栗(QXZL)等１０个板栗品种（系）为研究对象，通过石蜡切片法及指甲油印迹法，比较叶片厚度、上（下）表皮角质层厚度、上（下）表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、叶片栅栏组织结构紧密度、叶片海绵组织结构疏松度、气孔大小、气孔密度、气孔开口大小等15项指标，运用主成分分析及隶属函数法对10个供试品种（系）的抗旱性进行评价。【结果】10个板栗品种15项指标反映板栗抗旱性能力的顺序为：叶片海绵组织结构疏松度＞栅栏组织厚度＞栅海比＞叶片栅栏组织结构紧密度＞海绵组织厚度＞叶片厚度＞上表皮厚度＞下表皮厚度＞气孔开张宽度＞气孔密度＞气孔开张长度＞气孔长度=下表皮角质层厚度＞气孔宽度＞上表皮角质层厚度。运用隶属函数值法，结合各指标所占权重对各品种（系）的抗旱性进行评价，得到10个板栗品种（系）抗旱性的顺序为：大板红＞紫晶＞燕龙＞燕奎＞燕山短枝＞燕山早丰＞紫珀＞迁西晚红＞迁西早红＞迁西壮栗。经聚类分析，将10个板栗品种（系）分为3类：抗旱性强的有紫晶、大板红、燕龙、燕奎，抗旱性中等的有紫珀、燕山短枝、燕山早丰、迁西晚红，抗旱性弱的有迁西早红、迁西壮栗。【结论】叶片解剖结构指标能够较好地反映板栗的抗旱特性，可用于其抗旱性鉴定。10个板栗品种（系）中，紫晶、大板红、燕龙、燕奎抗旱性最强，可在迁西地区广泛种植。 |
| 关键词: 板栗 叶片解剖结构 气孔特征 抗旱性 主成分分析 隶属函数法 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项重大项目（201204401）；“十二五”科技支撑专题项目（2013BAD14B0402） |
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| Leaf anatomical structure characteristics and drought resistance of Chinese chestnut |
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GUO Sujuan,WU Yanqi
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The leaf anatomical structure, stomatal characteristics,the response mechanism of water adaptability,and the drought resistance of ten Chinese chestnut varieties were compared and analyzed to provide theoretical basis for screening drought resistant chestnut varieties (strain) in Qianxi, Hebei.【Method】Ten Chinese chestnut varieties (clones) including‘Dabanhong’(DBH),‘Yanlong’(YL),‘Zijing’(ZJ),‘Qianxizaohong’(QXZH),‘Yanshanduanzhi’(YSDZ),‘Yanshanzaofeng’(YSZF),‘Zipo’(ZP),‘Yankui’(YK),‘Qianxiwanhong’(QXWH),‘Qianxizhuangli’(QXZL) were selected and paraffin sectioning and nail oil seal methods were used to compare 15 indices such as thickness of leaves,cuticle thickness of upper (lower) epidermis,thickness of upper(lower) epidermis,thicknesses of palisade tissue and spongy tissue,ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue,leaves compactness and porosity,stomatal size and density and stomatal aperture.The principal component analysis and subordinate function were used to evaluate the drought resistance of the ten varieties.【Result】The drought resistant abilities of the 15 indices of ten Chinese chestnut varieties were in the decreasing order of leaves porosity＞thickness of palisade tissue＞ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue＞leaves compactness＞thickness of spongy tissue＞thickness of leaves＞thickness of upper epidermis＞thickness of lower epidermis＞stomatal aperture width＞stomatal density＞stomatal aperture length＞stomatal length=cuticle thickness of lower epidermis＞stomatal width＞cuticle thickness of upper epidermis.Based on the subordinate function in combination with weights of indexes, the drought resistance of the ten varieties (clones) of Chinese chestnut was in the order of DBH＞ZJ＞YL＞YK＞YSDZ＞YSZF＞ZP＞QXWH＞QXZH＞QXZL.By clustering analysis,the ten varieties (clones) of Chinese chestnut were divided into three categories. The higher drought resistance group included DBH,ZJ,YL and YK,the moderate drought resistance group included YSDZ,YSZF,ZP and QXWH,and the lower drought resistance group included QXZH and QXZL.【Conclusion】Comprehensive utilization of the leaf anatomical structure indices can better reflect drought resistance characteristics,and can be used to identify drought resistance of Chinese chestnut.Among the ten studied varieties (lines),ZJ,DBH,YL and YK had the strongest drought resistance and can be widely cultivated in Qianxi,Hebei. |
| Key words: Chinese chestnut leaf anatomical structure stomatal characteristic drought resistance principle component analysis subordinate function |
