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春秋季节奶牛舍内外气载微生物的时空变化
高玉红1, 李宏双1, 邱殿锐,等2
1.河北农业大学 动物科技学院;2.承德市畜牧研究所
摘要:
【目的】旨在研究春秋两季奶牛舍内外气载细菌和真菌的时空分布规律,为奶牛舍环境改善提供参考。【方法】选择3种建筑类型的奶牛舍,采用定点采样和培养计数法,对春秋两季奶牛场内采样区(舍内、运动场、净道和凉棚)以及牛场外采样区(牛场围墙上风向和下风向5和50 m处)的气载细菌和真菌含量进行检测,并进行比较与分析。【结果】春秋两季奶牛舍内细菌含量分别为1.16×103~1.30×104和2.71×103~4.89×103 CFU/m3,真菌含量分别为163~972和517~1 065 CFU/m3;春季舍内细菌和真菌含量均表现出晚上高、上午低的变化规律,秋季上午、中午和晚上舍内细菌含量无显著性差异(P>0.05),而秋季真菌含量则表现为上午显著低于中午和晚上的规律(P<0.05);从奶牛舍内和场内净道微生物的空间分布上,春秋两季舍内细菌含量分别是净道的1.9~5.5和1.2~2.8倍;牛场外采样区的细菌和真菌含量均未表现出一致的空间分布规律,春秋两季大部分的场外采样区真菌含量与牛场内采样区未表现出显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】奶牛舍的气载微生物含量与检测时间、建筑类型密切相关,部分奶牛场外的气载微生物含量高于场内。
关键词:  奶牛  饲养环境  气载微生物  细菌  真菌  畜舍
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛产业创新团队建设专项“规模化奶牛场环境控制关键技术与示范”(20141309)
Temporal and spatial variation of indoor and outdoor airborne microorganisms of dairy cowsheds in spring and autumn
GAO Yuhong,LI Hongshuang,QIU Dianrui,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】The objective of the study was to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of indoor and outdoor airborne bacteria and fungi of dairy cowsheds in spring and autumn so as to provide basis for improving environment of cowsheds.【Method】The fixed site sampling and plate counting methods were applied and the sampled sites included three styles of cowsheds.Exercise yards,net roads,sunshades,and 5 or 50 m upwind or downwind areas outside the dairy farm were sampled.【Result】Indoor concentrations of airborne bacteria ranged from 1.16×103 to 1.30×104 CFU/m3 in spring and from 2.71×103 to 4.89×103 CFU/m3 in autumn,and indoor concentrations of fungi ranged from 163 to 972 CFU/m3 in spring and from 517 to 1 065 CFU/m3 in autumn.Among three time periods in spring,indoor concentrations of both bacteria and fungi were the highest in evening and lowest in morning,while the bacteria concentrations had no significant difference among three time periods in autumn (P>0.05),and the fungi concentrations in morning were significantly lower than that in evening and at noon in autumn.Indoor bacteria concentrations were higher than that at net roads in both seasons,reaching to 1.9-5.5 folds of concentrations at net roads in spring and 1.2-2.8 folds in autumn.The bacteria and fungi concentrations showed no consistent spatial variation,and the fungi concentration at major sampling sites outside farms had no significant difference from the inside concentrations in both seasons (P>0.05).【Conclusion】The microorganism concentrations were related to cowsheds style and detection time,and outside concentrations of some farms were higher than inside concentrations.
Key words:  dairy cattle  feeding environment  airborne microorganism  bacteria  fungi  cowshed