| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同生育时期甘蓝型油菜光合性状杂种优势的真实表现，为油菜的高光效育种提供理论依据。【方法】以4套在生产中大面积应用的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育杂种F1（杂油59、秦优7号、秦杂油3号、秦杂油1号）及其亲本为材料，在不同生育时期比较了其光合面积、主要气体交换参数、群体生长量、群体生长速率、叶绿素含量等光合性状的杂种优势及其亲子相关性。【结果】① 在整个生育期内，甘蓝型油菜杂种F1在光合面积、群体生长量方面都有明显的正向杂种优势，主要气体交换参数在一定时期内有明显正向优势，叶绿素含量无明显的杂种优势，群体生长速率则在大多时期表现为明显的负向杂种优势。②甘蓝型油菜各个光合性状之间的杂种优势表现为：光合面积（平均中亲优势（MP）57.02%,平均超亲优势（HP）39.46%）>群体生长量（MP 41.77%,HP 32.39%）>主要气体交换参数（MP 2.70%,HP -3.72%）>叶绿素含量（MP 1.75%，HP -0.52%）>群体生长速率（MP-4.14% ，HP-17.47%）。③不同生育时期间的杂种优势表现：光合面积为蕾臺期＞角果期>花期＞苗期；主要气体交换参数中的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）为：蕾薹期>花前-花中>苗期>角果期>花后期，气孔限制值（Ls）和水分利用效率（WUE）为：角果期>花后期>花前-花中>蕾臺期>苗期；群体生长量为角果期>花期>蕾臺期>苗期；群体生长速率为：花期>角果期>苗期>臺期>越冬期；叶绿素含量为：臺期>花期>苗期>角果期>终花期。④双亲尤其是母本、双亲中值和高亲的光合性状与F1的光合性状极显著相关。【结论】通过选育高光效亲本，结合杂种优势利用进行油菜的高光效育种具有一定的意义和可行性。 |
| 关键词: 杂种优势 光合特性 亲子相关 高光效育种 甘蓝型油菜 |
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| 基金项目:国家油菜现代产业技术体系建设项目（nycytx-05黄淮区品种选育）；国家农作物规模化制种关键技术及产业化项目（2008BAD93B04） |
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| Heterosis of photosynthetic characteristics in Brassica napus L. |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The objective of this study was to research heterosis of photosynthetic characteristics in Brassica napus L. at different growth stages.【Method】Four cytoplasmic hybrids F1(Zayou 59,Qinyou No.7,Qinzayou No.3,Qinzayou No.1) and their parent lines were used as research materials.The heterosis and correlations between the photosynthetic area,main photosynthetic parameters,the net assimilation of total plant,the net population photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content of parents and offspring were compared at different growth stages.【Result】①The photosynthetic area and the net assimilation of total plant of hybrids F1 had positive heterosis in the whole growth stage;the main photosynthetic parameters had positive heterosis in specific stages;the chlorophyll content had little heterosis and the net population crop growth rate had negative heterosis at most stages.②Comparing heterosis of photosynthetic characteristics showed that:the photosynthetic area (MP 57.02% and HP 39.46%）>the net assimilation of total plant（MP 41.77% and HP 32.39%)>the main photosynthetic parameters（MP 2.70% and HP -3.72%）>the chlorophyll contend (MP 1.75% and HP -0.52%)>the net population crop growth rate（MP -4.14% and HP -17.47%）.③The heterosis at different stages were shown as following.Photosynthetic area:bolting stage>podding stage>blooming stage>seedling stage.Pn,Ci,Tr and Gs:bolting stage>early-full blooming>seedling stage>podding stage>ending blooming.Ls and WUE:podding stage>ending blooming>early-full blooming>bolting stage>seedling stage.Net population crop growth rate:blooming stage>podding stage>seedling stage>bolting stage.Chlorophyll content:podding stage>blooming stage>seedling stage>podding stage.④The heterosis of photosynthetic characteristics of different breeds were different and the heterosis of photosynthetic characteristics of different photosynthetic organs (leaf/pod) were also different.⑤The photosynthetic characteristics of parents,especially female parent,value of mid-parent and high parent were highly correlated with F1.【Conclusion】It is possible to breed Brassica napus L. with high photosynthetic efficiency. |
| Key words: heterosis photosynthetic characteristics correlations between parents and offspring breeding for high photosynthetic efficiency Brassica napus L. |
