| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 研究不同播期对农牧交错带春油菜生长发育和产量形成以及水分利用效率的影响，为农牧交错带春油菜适期播种和高产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】 采用随机区组设计，分析了超早播(04-28)、早播(05-08)、中播(05-18)、晚播(05-28)和超晚播(06-08)5个播期下春油菜生育期、形态指标、产量形成和水分利用效率的差异。【结果】 春油菜营养生长期、生殖生长期和全生育期均随播期的推迟而缩短，播期每推迟10 d，生育期缩短4～7 d，生殖生长期在整个生育期中所占比例增加，超早播最低，为48.09%，晚播和超晚播较高，分别为54.70%和54.55%。5月中旬前播种，春油菜营养生长前期气温偏低，生育期内降水不足且多集中于后期，地上部干物质积累较少。随播期的推迟，春油菜株高、叶面积指数和地上部干物质生长迅速，生育期结束时茎秆干质量占地上部干物质量比例减少(晚播最小为29.5%)，角果干质量占地上部干物质量比例增加(晚播最高为70.5%)，但超晚播处理茎秆干质量占地上部干物质量比例增加(50.7%)，角果干质量占地上部干物质量比例下降(41.8%)。春油菜单株角果数、产量和水分利用效率随播期的推迟而增加，但超晚播春油菜的产量和水分利用效率比晚播春油菜出现了显著和极显著下降。【结论】 建议农牧交错带春油菜适宜播种期安排在5月下旬。 |
| 关键词: 播期 生育期 产量构成 水分利用效率 春油菜 农牧交错带 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD09B02)；中国农业大学基本科研业务费项目(2012QJ164) |
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| Effect of sowing time on growth,development,yield and water use efficiency of spring rape in agro-pastoral ecotone |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of sowing time on growth,development,yield formation and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring rape to achieve optimal sowing date and high yield of spring rape in agro-pastoral ecotone.【Method】Phenology,morphological index,yield formation and WUE of spring rape in five sowing-date treatments of 04-28,05-08,05-18,05-28 and 06-08 were compared using randomized block design based on field experiments at Wuchuan County in Inner Mongolia.【Result】The results showed that duration of vegetative growth,reproductive growth and whole growth period of spring rape reduced with the postpone of sowing.Duration of the whole growth was shortened at a rate of 4-7 days averagely as the sowing date was postponed by 10 days,and ratio of the reproductive stage to whole growing period was increased to 48.09%,54.70%,and 54.55% respectively under sowing-date treatments of 04-28,05-28 and 06-08.If spring rape was planted before mid-May,lower air temperature in earlier vegetative growing period,insufficient precipitation during whole growing period and most of precipitation occurring in later growing period would result in inadequate aboveground dry matter accumulation.With the sowing date postponed,plant height,leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground dry matter of spring rape accumulated rapidly.At the end of growing period,ratio of dry stream to aboveground dry matter reduced to 29.5%(05-28),then increased by up to 50.7% (06-08),while ratio of dry pod to aboveground dry matter increased by up to 70.5% (05-28),then reduced to 41.8% (06-08).Number of pod per area,yield and WUE of spring rape increased as the sowing date postponed.Compared with treatment of 05-28,yield and WUE of treatment of 06-08 reduced at 0.05 and 0.01 significant level respectively.【Conclusion】The appropriate sowing date of spring rape in agro-pastoral ecotone was late-May. |
| Key words: sowing date phenology yield formation WUE spring rape agro-pastoral ecotone |
