| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 统计分析燕沟流域不同生态功能景观的斑块构成，为流域治理效果评价和景观格局优化提供依据。【方法】 野外现地勾绘景观斑块类型图，内业进行数字化处理，建立燕沟流域的景观类型分类系统和数据库，统计相关景观指数，分析流域景观构成。【结果】 （1）燕沟流域景观类型中，杂灌丛（浓杂灌丛和稀杂灌丛）面积最大，农田、刺槐林、成熟果园和草地面积次之；以上6种景观类型占流域面积的91.03%、占流域斑块数的81.68%，构成流域景观的主体；流域整体景观属于细粒结构。（2）三大景观功能类型中，生态防护型景观的斑块数、斑块面积、斑块周长均最高，占流域景观的近2/3，经济生产型景观次之；生态防护型、经济生产型、生活服务型三类景观的面积比约为2.08∶1∶0.12。（3）流域内自然景观与人类主导景观斑块面积的比例相当，经济生产型景观是人类主导景观的主要组成部分。【结论】 目前燕沟流域景观构成的特点为：景观类型多样，斑块数量丰富，景观整体粒级微小，景观破碎，人类活动对流域景观的构成影响大；三大景观功能类型的构成，为燕沟流域治理效果评价和景观格局优化提供了依据，可作为同类地区小流域治理的重要参考。 |
| 关键词: 黄土丘陵沟壑区 小流域 景观构成 景观功能类型 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学研究院西部行动计划项目（KZCX2-XB2-05）；国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD09B03）；百人计划项目 (KZCX2-YW-BR-02) |
|
| The landscape composition and function types of Yangou watershed in the Loess Plateau area |
|
LIN Yang and ZHANG Wen-Hui,LIN Yang and ZHANG Wen-Hui
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Statistical analysis of Yangou watershed landscape composition was made to provide evidence for the effect evaluation of watershed management and landscape pattern optimization.【Method】 After drawing the landscape patch types maps of Yangou watershed in field and digitizing inside,the landscape classification system and patch type database of Yangou watershed were established.Then the statistical calculation of the correlative landscape indices was done to analyze the landscape composition of Yangou watershed.【Result】 (1)The Miscellaneous shrub (Thick and thin Miscellaneous shrub) landscape type is the largest area-part of Yangou watershed,farmland,robinia pseudacacia,mature orchard and grass are second to it.The 6 kinds of landscape types mentioned occupy 91.03% of landscape area and 81.68% of landscape patch,and constitute the main part of Yangou watershed.Yangou watershed landscape pertains to the grain size.(2)The Eco-protection type occupies nearly 2/3 of Yangou watershed,Pro-economics type takes the second place.The area ratio of eco-protection type,pro-economics type and living-service type is around 2.08∶1∶0.12.(3)The ratio of natural landscape and human directed landscape is almost 1∶1.Pro-economics type is the main part of human directed landscape of Yangou watershed.【Conclusion】 The landscape composition of Yangou watershed has some features, such as diverse landscape types,abundant patches, tiny landscape granularity,landscape fragmentation and great influence on landscape composition by human. The composition of landscape function types of Yangou watershed provides the basis for the regulation effect evaluation and landscape pattern optimization,and also for the small watershed in similar areas. |
| Key words: loess hilly-gully region small watershed landscape composition landscape function type |
