| 摘要: |
| 对3种斜坡（5.7°,19°和30°）的台阶式溢洪道进行了模型试验研究。结果表明，当堰上相对临界水深yc/h≤2.5时，滑行水流、过渡水流和跌落水流消能率的大小不受堰上相对临界水深的限制，而只是相对坝高Hdam/yc和斜坡角度的函数，即随坡度变缓或相对坝高Hdam/yc增加,消能率增大；当坝坡相同坝高相等时，滑行水流、过渡水流和跌落水流之间的消能率差异很小，并且其消能率大小与台阶个数无关；此外，文中还给出了计算消能率的经验公式。 |
| 关键词: 坡度 台阶式溢洪道 消能特性 试验 滑行水流 过渡水流 跌落水流 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基金项目(2003E218)；陕西省教育厅专项科研基金项目(01JK183) |
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| The dissipation characteristics on stepped spillways of different slopes |
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| Abstract: |
| The model experiment on stepped spillway with three different slopes（5.7°,19°and 30°）shows that energy dissipation ratio under skimming flow,transition flow or nappe flow,would not be confined by the relative critical water depth on weir (yc/h≤2.5),and it is only the function of relative dam height (Hdam/yc) and angle of slope.Energy dissipation ratio increases while slope grading down or Hdam/yc rising.When Hdam/yc is certain,the difference of energy dissipation ratio under skimming flow,transition flow and nappe flow is insignificant and the number of steps does not affect the energy dissipation ratio;In addition,this paper offers the experiental formula to calculate the energy dissipation ratio. |
| Key words: stepped spillways dissipation characteristics skimming flow transition flow nappe flow |
