| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究生氰糖苷（cyanogenic glycosides，CGs）降解菌发酵亚麻籽饼替代豆粕对海兰褐蛋鸡生产 性能、蛋品质、血清生化和抗氧化指标及肠道微生物多样性的影响。【 方法】将720只健康且体质量相近的500日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成4组，每组6个重复，每个重复30只鸡。对照组（Control，CON）鸡饲喂基础饲粮，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组鸡分别饲喂用发酵亚麻籽饼替代10%，30%和50%豆粕的饲粮，试验期56 d。试验结束后，分别测定蛋鸡生产性能、 蛋品质、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标和肠道菌群指标。【结果】用发酵亚麻籽饼代替豆粕对蛋鸡产蛋率、平均蛋质量、 料蛋比和破软蛋率均无显著影响（P>0.05）。与对照组相比，试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组蛋黄颜色显著增加（P<0.05）；各试验组蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳颜色、蛋白高度和哈氏单位均无显著差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比，试验Ⅱ和 Ⅲ组血清TG含量显著下降（P<0.05），各试验组血清LDL-C水平均显著下降（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，试验Ⅰ组 血清T-AOC含量显著增加（P<0.05），MDA水平显著下降（P<0.05）。蛋鸡饲粮添加发酵亚麻籽饼能显著增加蛋鸡 粪便微生物Chao1指数、Ace指数和Shannon指数（P<0.05），在属水平上，能促进拟杆菌属、未分类拟杆菌属和理研菌属的相对丰度，其中Ⅱ组达显著水平（P<0.05）。【 结论】综合考虑，本试验条件下，发酵亚麻籽饼替代豆粕不会对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质产生不利影响，且当替代水平为50%时可对蛋鸡脂质代谢、抗氧化能力及肠道健康产生有利 影响。 |
| 关键词: 生氰糖苷降解菌 亚麻籽饼 血清生化指标 抗氧化能力 肠道微生物 蛋鸡 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 12. 002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:河南省青年科学基金项目（212300410136）；河南岐伯实业有限公司重点研发项目（4025-22010074） |
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| Effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented flaxseed meal on serum parameters and intestinal microbiota in laying hens |
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LI Xiaoli, JIA Hanfang, HE Wanling
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College of Animal Science and Technology， Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang，Henan 471023，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of fermenting flaxseed meal with cyano-genic glycosides（CGs）-degrading bacteria as a substitute for soybean meal on production performance，egg quality，serum biochemical and antioxidant indicators，as well as intestinal microbial diversity of Hy-line brown laying hens.【Method】A total of 720 healthy 500-day-old Hy-line brown layers with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups，with 6 replicates per group and 30 layers per replicate. The control group （CON） was fed a basal diet，while experimental groups Ⅰ ，Ⅱ ，and Ⅲ received diets in which fermented flax‐seed meal replaced 10%，30%，and 50% of soybean meal，respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. After the experiment，production performance，egg quality，serum biochemical indicators，antioxidant indicators，and intestinal flora indicators of the laying hens were measured.【Result】Replacing soybean meal with fermented flax-seed meal had no significant effects on laying rate，average egg weight，feed-egg ratio，and broken or soft egg rate of laying hens（P>0.05）.Compared with control group，yolk color of experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ sig‐nificantly increased（P<0.05），whereas no significant differences were observed on egg shape index，eggshell strength，eggshell thickness，eggshell color，albumen height，and Haugh unit among all experimental groups （P>0.05）.Serum TG was significantly reduced（P<0.05） in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ，and serum LDL-C was sig‐nificantly decreased in all treatment groups（P<0.05）.In Group Ⅰ，serum T-AOC was significantly increased （P<0.05），while MDA was significantly decreased（P<0.05）.Adding fermented flaxseed meal to the feed of laying hens can significantly increase Chao1，Ace，and Shannon indices of fecal microbiota in laying hens（P<0.05）.At genus level，it can promote relative abundance of Bacteroides，unclassified Bacteroides，and Ruminococcus genera，with group Ⅱ reaching a significant level（P<0.05）.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment，the substitution of fermented flaxseed meal for soybean meal exerted no adverse effects on produc‐tion performance and egg quality of laying hens. Furthermore，when the substitution level reaches 50%，it can beneficially affect lipid metabolism，antioxidant capacity，and intestinal health of laying hens. |
| Key words: cyanogenic glycoside-degrading bacteria flaxseed meal serum biochemical indices antioxidant capacity intestinal microbiota laying hens |
