| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探究箭筈豌豆作为绿肥翻压还田配合减氮对雪茄烟生长发育及烟叶品质的影响。【 方法】以当地主栽烟草茄衣品种QX105为试验材料，在湖南资兴开展大田试验，以常规施肥休耕为对照（CK），在翻压箭筈豌豆的基础上，设置常规施肥（W0）、减氮10%（W1）和减氮20%（W2）3个处理，测定不同处理对烟田土壤理化性质，烟 株农艺性状、叶片组织结构及晾制烟叶化学成分的影响。【 结果】①与 CK相比，箭筈豌豆翻压处理显著降低烟苗移栽 前土壤体积质量和pH，促进土壤钾、磷等养分释放。烟草成熟期各处理对土壤养分的影响存在差异，与CK相比，W0处理显著提高了土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量；W1处理土壤有机质和速效养分含量均显著增加，pH显著提升至5.24；W2处理则显著提高了土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量。②箭筈豌豆翻压处理均可促进雪茄烟的生长发育并保证正常 成熟落黄。减施10%氮肥（W1处理）并未影响雪茄烟生长发育，且成熟期烟株的最大叶长、最大叶宽和最大叶面积分别较CK显著增加了15.43%，8.88%和25.79%。③与CK相比，W0和W1处理烟株团棵期及旺长期叶绿素含量 （SPAD值）显著提升，增强了雪茄烟早期的光合能力，而适量减氮（W1）则使烟叶叶绿素在成熟期适时降解。④叶片 组织结构分析结果显示，与CK相比，W0处理叶片厚度和侧脉横截面积显著增加；W1处理叶片厚度并无显著差异，栅海比提高16.67%；W2处理则显著降低了烟叶侧脉横截面积。⑤随着施氮水平的降低，箭筈豌豆翻压处理烟叶总糖 及还原糖含量呈现先升后降趋势，总氮及烟碱含量则随着施氮量的降低而下降。W1处理总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比 分别较CK提高26.67%，25.43%和14.29%。【 结论】箭筈豌豆翻压可有效改良土壤结构、提升土壤有效养分含量， 配合减施10%氮肥（W1）能在保持烟株农艺性状优势的同时，改善叶片组织结构及化学成分协调性，为实现雪茄烟绿 色高效生产提供可行措施。 |
| 关键词: 箭筈豌豆 雪茄烟 减氮施肥 土壤改良 烟草栽培 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 09. 013 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司科研项目（CZYC2023JS04） |
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| Effects of Vicia sativa incorporation with nitrogen reduction on growth and quality of cigar tobacco |
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WANG Haiyun1, MA Yingzi1, FAN Shijun2, CHEN Yu3, LI Hongguang3
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1.College of Life Science and Technology，Central South University of Forestry and Technology，Changsha，Hunan 410004，China;2.Anren County Branch of Chenzhou Branch，Hunan Provincial Tobacco Company，Chenzhou，Hunan 423600，China;3.Zixing County Branch of Chenzhou Branch，Hunan Provincial Tobacco Company，Chenzhou，Hunan 423400，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This study investigated the effects of Vicia sativa green manure incorporation com-bined with nitrogen reduction on the growth and leaf quality of cigar tobacco.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in Zixing，Hunan Province，using the local wrapper tobacco cultivar QX105 as the test material. With conventional fertilization as the control，based on the incorporation of Vicia sativa as green manure，three treatments were established：conventional fertilizer application（W0），10% nitrogen reduction（W1），and 20% nitrogen reduction（W2）. The effects of these treatments on soil physicochemical properties，agronomic traits，leaf tissue structure，and chemical composition of aircured tobacco leaves were measured.【Result】① Compared with CK，the incorporation of Vicia sativa significantly reduced soil bulk density and pH before transplanting and facilitated the release of key nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus. At maturity，the effects on soil nutrients varied among treatments. Compared with CK，W0 treatment significantly increased the content of soil organic matter，available phosphorus，and available potassium. W1 treatment significantly enhanced the content of soil organic matter and all available nutrients，while raising the pH to 5. 24. W2 treatment markedly increased the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus. ② The incorporation of Vicia sativa treatments promoted cigar tobacco growth and proper ripening. W1 treatment with a 10% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer did not impede plant growth and development. Compared with the control（CK），the maximum leaf length，maxi-mum leaf width，and maximum leaf area of mature plants increased significantly by 15.43%，8.88%，and 25.79%，respectively. ③ Compared with CK，the W0 and W1 treatments significantly increased SPAD values during the stem elongation and vigorous growth stages，enhancing early photosynthetic capacity in tobacco plants. Meanwhile，the moderate nitrogen reduction（W1） facilitated timely chlorophyll degradation in tobacco leaves at maturity. ④ Analysis of leaf tissue structure showed that the W0 treatment significantly increased leaf thickness and the cross-sectional area of the lateral veins. The W1 treatment showed no significant difference in leaf thickness，while the palisade-to-spongy mesophyll ratio increased by 16.67%. The W2 treatment signifi?cantly reduced the cross-sectional area of the lateral veins in tobacco leaves compared with CK. ⑤ With the decrease in nitrogen application，the contents of total sugars and reducing sugars in tobacco leaves under the Vicia sativa incorporation treatment first increased and then decreased，whereas the contents of total nitrogen and nico?tine declined progressively. Compared with CK，the W1 treatment increased total sugar and reduced sugar con?tents by 26.67% and 25.43%，respectively，and raised the sugar-to-nicotine ratio by 14.29%.【Conclusion】The incorporation of Vicia sativa effectively improved soil structure and increased available nutrient content. When combined with a 10% nitrogen reduction（W1），it maintained superior agronomic features，improved leaf tissue structure，and enhanced the balance of chemical components in cigar tobacco. This combination provided a feasible approach for achieving green and efficient cigar tobacco production. |
| Key words: Vicia sativa cigar tobacco nitrogen reduction fertilization soil improvement tobacco cultivation |
