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| 微生物菌剂对植烟土壤理化特性和细菌群落结构的影响 |
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蔡民爵1, 黄瑞寅2, 张家升2, 岳益福1, 崔译文1, 王媛媛1, 黄跃鹏3, 王维1, 杨天乐2
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1.华南农业大学 农学院，广东 广州 510642;2.广东中烟工业有限责任公司，广东 广州 510610;3.广东烟草韶关市有限公司，广东 韶关 512000
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| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探究芝麻饼肥配施不同微生物菌剂对植烟土壤理化特性和细菌群落结构的影响，为烟草生产 中芝麻饼肥与微生物菌剂的配合施用提供参考。【 方法】以施用清水为对照（CK），设置拜赖青霉菌（T1）、枯草芽孢杆 菌（T2）、巨大芽孢杆菌（T3）、吲哚丁酸钾（T4）、复合型微生物菌剂（T5）处理，采用灌根方式，在旺长期采集0-20 cm土层土壤，测定土壤基本理化性质及脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性，同时采集根际土壤，利用高通量测 序技术分析烤烟旺长期各处理土壤细菌群落结构的变化特征。【 结果】与CK相比，T3、T5处理土壤有机质、全氮、全 钾、碱解氮、有效磷含量均显著提高（P<0.05），土壤物理特性明显改善；施用微生物菌剂处理（除T4处理）的土壤酶 活性均有所增加。各微生物菌剂处理改变了植烟土壤细菌群落结构和 Alpha多样性，其中T2、T5处理Alpha多样性 指数提升幅度显著（P<0. 05）；植烟土壤中细菌门类和属类相对丰度均有所改变，与CK相比，T1、T2、T3、T5处理降低了假单胞菌门、放线菌门的相对丰度，而增加了芽孢杆菌门、拟杆菌门的相对丰度，T4处理降低了放线菌门、拟杆菌 门的相对丰度，而增加了假单胞菌门、芽孢杆菌门的相对丰度；施用微生物菌剂处理（除T1处理外）优势菌属主要有硝 化螺旋菌属和MND1菌属。LEfSe分析显示，T1处理溶杆菌科、脱卤球菌纲、壤霉菌属显著富集，T2处理玫瑰弯菌 科、酸杆菌纲显著富集，T3处理黄杆菌目、黄杆菌属显著富集，T4处理鞘氨醇单胞菌属、芽单胞菌门显著富集，T5处理 黄色土源菌属、房间芽孢杆菌属显著富集。Beta多样性分析表明，T1、T2、T3、T4处理土壤细菌群落组成与CK、T5处理存在明显差异。功能类群分析显示，各微生物菌剂处理细菌功能与CK相比差异不显著。相关性分析表明，土壤 有机质和有效磷含量是影响土壤酶活性以及细菌群落丰富度和多样性的主要环境因子。【 结论】芝麻饼肥应用基础 上配施微生物菌剂能明显改善植烟土壤理化特性，增强土壤酶活性，改善土壤细菌群落结构，其中以芝麻饼肥配施枯 草芽孢杆菌（T2）或复合型微生物菌剂（T5）效果更佳。 |
| 关键词: 微生物菌剂 芝麻饼肥 植烟土壤 土壤理化特性 细菌群落结构 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 08. 016 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东中烟工业有限责任公司科研项目（2024440000340013）；广东省烟草专卖局科技计划资助项目（2023440000240044）；广东 省基础与应用基础研究省市联合基金项目（2022A1515110353） |
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| Effects of microbial agents on physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of tobacco⁃planting soil |
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CAI Minjue1, HUANG Ruiyin2, ZHANG Jiasheng2, YUE Yifu1, CUI Yiwen1, WANG Yuanyuan1, HUANG Yuepeng3, WANG Wei1, YANG Tianle2
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1.College of Agriculture，South China Agricultural University，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510642，China;2.China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co. ，Ltd. ，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510610，China;3.Guangdong Tobacco Shaoguan Co. ，Ltd. ，Shaoguan， Guangdong 512000，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of sesame cake fertilizer combined with different microbial agents on the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of tobacco-planting soil，thereby providing reference for their integrated application in tobacco production.【Method】Taking water application as the control（CK），treatments were set up as follows：Penicillium bilaiae（T1），Bacillus subtilis（T2），Bacillus megaterium（T3），potassium indole butyrate（T4），and a compound microbial agent（T5）.All agents were applied via root irrigation. During the vigorous growth stage，soil samples from the 0-20 cm layer were collected to determine basic physicochemical properties and the activities of soil urease，sucrase，catalase，and acid phosphatase. Simultaneously，the rhizosphere soil was collected. High-throughput sequencing tech-nology was used to analyze the changes in soil bacterial community structure in each treatment during the vigorous growth stage of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】Compared with CK，treatments T3 and T5 significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter，total nitrogen，total potassium，available nitrogen，and available phos-phorus（P<0.05），and significantly improved soil physical properties. With the exception of T4，soil enzyme activities were increased in all treatments. Each microbial agent treatment altered the structure of soil bacterial community and Alpha diversity in tobacco-planting soil，with a significant increase in Alpha diversity index in T2 and T5 treatments（P<0.05）. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genus in tobacco-planting soil were all changed. Compared with CK，treatments T1，T2，T3，and T5 decreased the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota，while increasing that of Bacillota and Bacteroidota. Conversely，T4 treatment decreased the relative abundance of Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota，while increasing that of Pseudomonadota and Bacillota. The dominant genera in treatments with microbial agents（ except for the T1 treatment） were mainly Nitrospira and MND1. LEfSe analysis revealed significant enrichments of specific taxa across treatments：Lysobacteraceae，Dehalococcoidia，and Agromyces in T1 treatment；Roseiflexaceae and Acidobacteriae in T2 treatment；Flavobacteriales and Flavobacterium in T3 treatment；Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonadota in T4 treatment；and Flavisolibacter and Domibacillus in T5 treatment.Beta diversity analysis showed that the soil bacterial community composition of T1，T2，T3，and T4 treatments was significantly different from that of CK and T5 treatments. Functional group analysis showed no significant differences in the bacterial function between each microbial agent treatment and CK. Correlation analysis identified soil organic matter and available phosphorus content as the main environmental factors affecting soil enzyme activities as well as bacterial community richness and diversity.【Conclusion】The combined application of microbial inoculants and sesame cake fertilizer significantly improved soil physicochemical properties，enzyme activities，and bacterial community structure，with the treatments involving Bacillus subtilis（T2） or the compound microbial agent（T5） proving especially effective. |
| Key words: microbial agents sesame cake fertilizer tobacco-planting soil soil physicochemical properties bacterial community structure |
