| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】针对甜樱桃早期生理落果问题，探究其果实发育期碳氮营养及蔗糖代谢酶活性变化与落果的 相关性，为优化栽培、减少落果、提高产量提供理论支撑。【 方法】以萨米脱甜樱桃为研究对象，于盛花期后15 d开始 每隔7 d取样测定果实、果柄、新梢生长指标，统计落果率，并测定果实、果柄、新梢叶片、结果枝叶片和新梢茎的全碳、 全氮和蔗糖含量及其代谢酶活性，利用主成分分析和通径分析探究营养变化和蔗糖代谢与早期落果的动态关系。【 结 果】①果实的纵横径生长呈“S”形变化，其快速生长期为盛花期后29-36 d；果柄长度和粗度的快速生长期则分别在盛 花期后22 d前和29 d前；新梢茎的粗度随时间的推移持续增加，长度的快速生长期为盛花期后22-36 d，后期生长速 度放缓。②各器官全氮含量整体呈下降趋势；全碳含量在果实、果柄和结果枝叶片中呈先上升后下降的趋势，而在新 梢茎和新梢叶片中的含量呈上升趋势。③果实中蔗糖含量在盛花期后29 d之前先迅速增加后趋于平缓，发育后期果 实中蔗糖含量再次迅速增加；其他器官蔗糖含量变化趋势不明显，在5-35 mg/g小幅波动。各器官中蔗糖合成酶分 解方向（SS-Ⅰ）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）和中性转化酶（NI）活性在幼果期差异不大，硬核期后其活性在果实中迅速增 加。蔗糖合成酶合成方向（SS-Ⅱ）和可溶性酸性转化酶（S-AI）活性在各器官中整体变化趋势相似，均在盛花期后 36 d 之前有明显的升降趋势。④生理落果期主要集中在盛花期后15-36 d，整个生理落果过程持续22 d，在盛花期后29 d时达到落果高峰。⑤主成分分析及通径分析结果表明，果实内蔗糖含量对落果发生有直接调控作用，相关代谢酶则 通过调控蔗糖含量间接影响落果的发生。【 结论】甜樱桃果实发育呈“S”形，新梢与果实营养关系表现为前期竞争，后 期协同，盛花期后22 d为转折期。早期落果集中于盛花后15-36 d，果实蔗糖含量是关键调控因子，碳氮配比及蔗糖 代谢酶活性可通过影响蔗糖供应间接调控累计落果率。 |
| 关键词: 甜樱桃 果实发育期 碳氮营养 蔗糖代谢 落果 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 08. 012 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:新疆生产建设兵团重大科技计划项目（2022AA001）；新疆农垦科学院院级科研项目（2024YJQN09） |
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| Correlation analysis of early physiological fruit drop and carbon-nitrogen nutrition and sucrose metabolism in sweet cherry（Prunus avium L.） |
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ZHANG Jinqiang, LI Pengcheng, WANG Huanhuan, YANG Xiang, SU Xuede, LIU Jing
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Institute of Horticulture/Construction Crop Key Laboratory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm Innovation and Quality Improvement and Efficiency Increment，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science， Shihezi，Xinjiang 832000，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】The stady addressed the issue of early physiological fruit drop in sweet cherries，explored the correlation between fruit drop and changes in carbon and nitrogen nutrition，and between fruit drop and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities，during fruit development，so as to provide theoretical support for optimizing cultivation，reducing fruit drop and improving yield.【Method】Taking Sato Summit sweet cherry as the research object，15 days after full bloom，sampling was conducted every 7 days， to determine the growth indicators of fruits，fruit stalks，and new shoots，calculate the fruit drop rate，and record the dynamic changes in total carbon，total nitrogen，sucrose content，and the activity of sucrose metabolism enzymes in fruits，fruit stalks，new shoot leaves，bearing branch leaves，and new shoot stems. Principal component analysis and path analysis were used to explore the dynamic relationship between nutritional changes，sucrose metabolism，and early fruit drop.【Result】①The fruit vertical and horizontal diameters showed a growth pattern of“ S”-shaped curve，with the rapid growth period being day 29-36 after full bloom. The rapid growth periods of fruit stalks were before day 22 after full bloom for the length and before day 29 after full bloom for the thickness. The thickness of new shoot stems increased continuously over time，while the rapid growth period for their length was day 22-36 after full bloom， after which the growth rate declined. ② The total nitrogen content in all organs showed an overall decreasing trend. The total carbon content in fruits，fruit stalks，and leaves of bearing branches first increased and then decreased，while that in new shoot stems and new shoot leaves generally increased. ③The sucrose content in fruits increased rapidly first and then leveled off before day 29 after full bloom，and increased rapidly again in the late developmental stage. No significant changing trend was observed in the sucrose content in other organs，which fluctuated slightly in the range of 5-35 mg/g. The activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction （SS-Ⅰ），sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS） and neutral invertase（NI） in various organs showed little difference in the young fruit stage，but their activities in fruits increased rapidly after the stone hardening stage. The activities of sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction（SS-Ⅱ） and soluble acid invertase（S-AI） in various organs showed an overall similar changing trend，with obvious rising and falling trends before day 36 after full bloom. ④ The physiological fruit drop period was mainly day 15-36 after the full-bloom stage，and the entire physiological fruit drop process lasted for 22 days，with the peak of fruit drop observed at day 29 after the full-bloom stage. ⑤The results of principal component analysis and path analysis showed that the sucrose content in fruits had a direct regulatory effect on fruit drop，while related metabolic enzymes indirectly affected fruit drop by regulating sucrose content.【Conclusion】The fruit of sweet cherries shows a developing pattern of“ S”-shaped curve. The nutritional relationship between new shoots and fruits is characterized by competition in the early stage and synergy in the later stage，with day 22 after the full-bloom stage as the turning point. Early fruit drop is observed mostly in day 15-36 after the full-bloom stage. The sucrose content in fruits is the key regulatory factor，and the carbon-nitrogen ratio and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities can indirectly regulate the cumulative fruit drop rate by affecting sucrose supply. |
| Key words: sweet cherry fruit development carbon and nitrogen nutrition sucrose metabolism fruit drop |
